Introduction Rapid Economic Growth – Empirical Overview
... extensive support for different industrial activities through direct subsidies, tax exemptions, import restrictions, subsidized credits, and, in some cases, encouragement of cartels and monopolies. The state, in accordance with the agenda it devised, was sending important signals to the public and s ...
... extensive support for different industrial activities through direct subsidies, tax exemptions, import restrictions, subsidized credits, and, in some cases, encouragement of cartels and monopolies. The state, in accordance with the agenda it devised, was sending important signals to the public and s ...
Business Cycles
... will be spent on programs that may be politically motivated, but not conducive to economic growth over the long term. Austrian economists also debunk the idea of the liquidity trap because they believe that the free market will drive down interest rates during recessions, giving investors more incen ...
... will be spent on programs that may be politically motivated, but not conducive to economic growth over the long term. Austrian economists also debunk the idea of the liquidity trap because they believe that the free market will drive down interest rates during recessions, giving investors more incen ...
The art of Chinese massage
... traffic at ports, passenger transport and floor area under construction. It suggests that GDP growth slowed to only 4% in the year to the first quarter. However, it tracks mostly industrial activity, and thus excludes two-fifths of the economy, most notably services, which are growing faster. Then t ...
... traffic at ports, passenger transport and floor area under construction. It suggests that GDP growth slowed to only 4% in the year to the first quarter. However, it tracks mostly industrial activity, and thus excludes two-fifths of the economy, most notably services, which are growing faster. Then t ...
ESTABLISHING A REGULATOR: STEPS
... live below a dollar a day (UNDP HD report 2004). The increasing interface between technology and other sectors e.g Agriculture, health etc worldwide ICTs are being used as a tool for development Malaysia, India, China Limited Competition Duopoly ends in July 2005, licensing of more service providers ...
... live below a dollar a day (UNDP HD report 2004). The increasing interface between technology and other sectors e.g Agriculture, health etc worldwide ICTs are being used as a tool for development Malaysia, India, China Limited Competition Duopoly ends in July 2005, licensing of more service providers ...
AE Y
... employment GDP (the “special” or “Classical” case], but there is no guarantee (as is true for the Classical model). The more likely outcome (or what Keynes referred to as the “general case” ) is “underemployment ...
... employment GDP (the “special” or “Classical” case], but there is no guarantee (as is true for the Classical model). The more likely outcome (or what Keynes referred to as the “general case” ) is “underemployment ...
Modern Europe
... of those with connections….. Result: economic crisis in 90’s -Rise of organized crime, corruption, and lawlessness -Separatists movements (Chechen) and Terrorism (Islamic extremists) - resigns in 1999 after 1998 economic crisis and social issues ...
... of those with connections….. Result: economic crisis in 90’s -Rise of organized crime, corruption, and lawlessness -Separatists movements (Chechen) and Terrorism (Islamic extremists) - resigns in 1999 after 1998 economic crisis and social issues ...
... Having been re-elected for a new four-year term in 2014, the government changed the direction of economic policy in 2015 so as to regain the primary surplus and rein in the burgeoning debt. To that end it made reforms to the labour market and social security and also in a number of production sector ...
No computers on We will go around the room , by - Studious-Catz
... and parking lot, but because the land it owns is limited and locating elsewhere would cost more than it can afford, it cannot do both. All levels of government face the problem of supplying the almost unlimited wants of their citizens with limited resources. Example would be your town may wish to gi ...
... and parking lot, but because the land it owns is limited and locating elsewhere would cost more than it can afford, it cannot do both. All levels of government face the problem of supplying the almost unlimited wants of their citizens with limited resources. Example would be your town may wish to gi ...
Pakistan Financial Inclusion Programme: Programme Design
... Non-performing portfolio reduced Private sector credit up by 400bn in 5 yrs SME now account 16% of total advances Rise in agriculture credit Aggregate borrower have risen from 2.2mn to 4.6mn in 2006 New housing loans of 70bn So, how inclusive is the financial sector? ...
... Non-performing portfolio reduced Private sector credit up by 400bn in 5 yrs SME now account 16% of total advances Rise in agriculture credit Aggregate borrower have risen from 2.2mn to 4.6mn in 2006 New housing loans of 70bn So, how inclusive is the financial sector? ...
THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER STATES
... Illinois’ workers will require more and more education to compete in the “college economy” that these companies represent. Illinois’ unemployment rate was 8.8 percent in March 2011, on par with the national average. In addition, the private sector lost 225,000 jobs between 2008 and 2009, making Illi ...
... Illinois’ workers will require more and more education to compete in the “college economy” that these companies represent. Illinois’ unemployment rate was 8.8 percent in March 2011, on par with the national average. In addition, the private sector lost 225,000 jobs between 2008 and 2009, making Illi ...
Chapter 1. Introduction: The Facts of Economic Growth
... technological growth for sustained economic growth. Paul Romer|the economics of \ideas" and the role of human capital. Our goal is to provide a general framework for understanding the process of growth and development. ...
... technological growth for sustained economic growth. Paul Romer|the economics of \ideas" and the role of human capital. Our goal is to provide a general framework for understanding the process of growth and development. ...
Impact of global downturn on business & How can they manage in
... Repsol told us, our PM and the King of Spain that the global economy will turn back up (when?) and that the emerging economies, China, India and the rest of the world will continue their voracious demand for oil and gas and the good times will be here again – music to the ears of our Government. Wha ...
... Repsol told us, our PM and the King of Spain that the global economy will turn back up (when?) and that the emerging economies, China, India and the rest of the world will continue their voracious demand for oil and gas and the good times will be here again – music to the ears of our Government. Wha ...
Canada`s Economy
... buyers & sellers interact in the market place. • The government has no control over the economy; private citizens answer all economic questions. • In a truly free market economy, the government would not be involved at ...
... buyers & sellers interact in the market place. • The government has no control over the economy; private citizens answer all economic questions. • In a truly free market economy, the government would not be involved at ...
CRISIS AND RECOVERY: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
... What were the springs of recovery in the 1890s and the 1930s? This needs to be analysed in terms of a) exports and the international economy and b) the domestic environment. a) The international context of the recovery in both the 1890s and 1930s was difficult. In the 1890s international investment ...
... What were the springs of recovery in the 1890s and the 1930s? This needs to be analysed in terms of a) exports and the international economy and b) the domestic environment. a) The international context of the recovery in both the 1890s and 1930s was difficult. In the 1890s international investment ...
information technology and us economic growth
... - Including R&D and Artistic Originals in capital input raised Capital input and GDP growth slightly, and reduce role of TFP slightly - Historically, input growth in the major source of growth, capital contributed 1.6% out of 3.0%. R&D only 0.18% - TFP contribution was highest during the Jobless Gro ...
... - Including R&D and Artistic Originals in capital input raised Capital input and GDP growth slightly, and reduce role of TFP slightly - Historically, input growth in the major source of growth, capital contributed 1.6% out of 3.0%. R&D only 0.18% - TFP contribution was highest during the Jobless Gro ...
Theories of Economic Development
... - More physical capital generates economic growth. (use Production Possibility Boundaries to illustrate) - Net investment (i.e. investment over and above that needed to replace worn out capital (deprecation) leads to more producer goods (capital appreciation) which generates higher output and income ...
... - More physical capital generates economic growth. (use Production Possibility Boundaries to illustrate) - Net investment (i.e. investment over and above that needed to replace worn out capital (deprecation) leads to more producer goods (capital appreciation) which generates higher output and income ...
BUSINESS CONFIDENCE IN Q3 2011 fig. 2 fig. 1 – DETAILED RESPONSES
... the Q3 2011 Confidence Index stands at 8.1, down by 5.6 points on the previous quarter and down 13.4 points on a year ago. The Confidence Index stands at its lowest level since Q3 2009, when economic output was still contracting. Though in part some fall in the Confidence Index is expected following ...
... the Q3 2011 Confidence Index stands at 8.1, down by 5.6 points on the previous quarter and down 13.4 points on a year ago. The Confidence Index stands at its lowest level since Q3 2009, when economic output was still contracting. Though in part some fall in the Confidence Index is expected following ...
Chapter 1
... Sub-prime Lending is when a lender offers a loan to a borrower at a higher interest rate. This usually occurs because the borrower does not possess a good credit history or may be more likely to default on the loan. Recently, there has been much debate over the ethics of lending money and the ethics ...
... Sub-prime Lending is when a lender offers a loan to a borrower at a higher interest rate. This usually occurs because the borrower does not possess a good credit history or may be more likely to default on the loan. Recently, there has been much debate over the ethics of lending money and the ethics ...
Productivity and the Role of Technology in Emerging Markets
... a near standstill in the aftermath of the 2008-2009 financial crisis. It grew on average 1.2 percent a year from 1999 to 2008, slowed to 0.3 percent from 2009 to 2012, and has fallen to near zero since then. Most advanced economies, including the United States, Japan, and the Euro Area, are experien ...
... a near standstill in the aftermath of the 2008-2009 financial crisis. It grew on average 1.2 percent a year from 1999 to 2008, slowed to 0.3 percent from 2009 to 2012, and has fallen to near zero since then. Most advanced economies, including the United States, Japan, and the Euro Area, are experien ...
FedViews
... Older workers are less likely to lose jobs than younger workers but are more likely to undertake prolonged searches when job loss occurs. As the population ages, older job seekers have comprised a rising share of the total unemployment pool, which mechanically increases long-term unemployment. ...
... Older workers are less likely to lose jobs than younger workers but are more likely to undertake prolonged searches when job loss occurs. As the population ages, older job seekers have comprised a rising share of the total unemployment pool, which mechanically increases long-term unemployment. ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).