High-level Regional Policy Dialogue on
... While the impact on the real economy for the developed countries came later, the inverse was true for Malaysia, and the real sector was the first point of impact. The contraction in export demand – particularly in manufacturing – as the developed markets were gripped by recession caused a steep ...
... While the impact on the real economy for the developed countries came later, the inverse was true for Malaysia, and the real sector was the first point of impact. The contraction in export demand – particularly in manufacturing – as the developed markets were gripped by recession caused a steep ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
... salient characteristics of nineteenth-century Latin America—illuminate not only our knowledge of the past, but also provide important elements to understanding present-day problems of this and other developing regions of the world. At the end of the nineteenth century, and after decades of virtual s ...
... salient characteristics of nineteenth-century Latin America—illuminate not only our knowledge of the past, but also provide important elements to understanding present-day problems of this and other developing regions of the world. At the end of the nineteenth century, and after decades of virtual s ...
View/Open
... agricultural produce have an important bearing on the capacity of a sizeable proportion of households to be food secure. In Amartya Sen’s terminology, these conditions in agricultural production affect the "entitlements" of farm and rural households. Increases in agricultural production, especially ...
... agricultural produce have an important bearing on the capacity of a sizeable proportion of households to be food secure. In Amartya Sen’s terminology, these conditions in agricultural production affect the "entitlements" of farm and rural households. Increases in agricultural production, especially ...
Impact of Investment in Kenya`s Priority Sectors
... structural adjustment programmes where it was noted that a structural transformation in both the pattern and process of growth towards a path with potential for employment ...
... structural adjustment programmes where it was noted that a structural transformation in both the pattern and process of growth towards a path with potential for employment ...
September 1999 The Brookings Institution & Georgetown University
... reach” groups such as black youths. This very desirable performance has been achieved at the same time that the U.S. external deficit has increased significantly, with imports growing more rapidly than exports. Forecasts for the U.S. economy over the next few years typically project GDP growth and C ...
... reach” groups such as black youths. This very desirable performance has been achieved at the same time that the U.S. external deficit has increased significantly, with imports growing more rapidly than exports. Forecasts for the U.S. economy over the next few years typically project GDP growth and C ...
Issues in Caribbean Development
... Equity (equitable access to opportunities) by all groups within society. – Productivity (requires investments in people and an enabling macroeconomic environment for them to achieve their maximum potential) For example, equal access to education and job opportunities will increase productivity level ...
... Equity (equitable access to opportunities) by all groups within society. – Productivity (requires investments in people and an enabling macroeconomic environment for them to achieve their maximum potential) For example, equal access to education and job opportunities will increase productivity level ...
Panel Discussion Lyle E. Gramley*
... rates, letting a monetary aggregate like M1 play a role in the decisionmaking process can help. M1 growth provides useful clues about how stimulative or restrictive monetary policy is, and the growth of M1 may at times provide political cover when the Fed needs to boost interest rates. For example, ...
... rates, letting a monetary aggregate like M1 play a role in the decisionmaking process can help. M1 growth provides useful clues about how stimulative or restrictive monetary policy is, and the growth of M1 may at times provide political cover when the Fed needs to boost interest rates. For example, ...
Measuring Inflation and Unemployment
... • Congressional Advisory Commission estimated in 1996 that the CPI overestimated inflation by about 1.1%. What is the CPI? • Who? All urban consumers and urban wage earners and clerical workers, about 87% of the U.S. population. • It is not a cost-of-living index. – Does not account proper treatment ...
... • Congressional Advisory Commission estimated in 1996 that the CPI overestimated inflation by about 1.1%. What is the CPI? • Who? All urban consumers and urban wage earners and clerical workers, about 87% of the U.S. population. • It is not a cost-of-living index. – Does not account proper treatment ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TARIFFS AND GROWTH IN LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY AMERICA
... Krugman’s (1994) discussion of the East Asian miracle. Extensive growth was due to the mobilization of resources – using greater amounts of labor and capital – to increase production. Growth in per capita income was more the result of capital deepening, arising from high rates of saving and investme ...
... Krugman’s (1994) discussion of the East Asian miracle. Extensive growth was due to the mobilization of resources – using greater amounts of labor and capital – to increase production. Growth in per capita income was more the result of capital deepening, arising from high rates of saving and investme ...
PROBLEM SET 1 - SOLUTIONS 14.02 Introductory Macroeconomics February 16, 2005
... I. Answer each as True, False, or Uncertain, providing a few sentences of explanation for your choice. 1. If taxes and government spending were both proportional (to income), then the government budget would improve during a recession. Uncertain. During a recession, both revenues (from taxes) and ex ...
... I. Answer each as True, False, or Uncertain, providing a few sentences of explanation for your choice. 1. If taxes and government spending were both proportional (to income), then the government budget would improve during a recession. Uncertain. During a recession, both revenues (from taxes) and ex ...
Sectoral analysis of the Russian economy
... • Transition reforms were quick, rather spontaneous and have led to a rather deep crisis in the Russian economy. • However, in the period 1999-2013 due to the rise of oil price in the international market and “not bad” macroeconomic policy, Russian economy started to grow. ...
... • Transition reforms were quick, rather spontaneous and have led to a rather deep crisis in the Russian economy. • However, in the period 1999-2013 due to the rise of oil price in the international market and “not bad” macroeconomic policy, Russian economy started to grow. ...
Word - Statistics Mauritius
... representing a nominal increase of 4.9% (Table 9). In real terms, a growth of 2.9% is expected in 2013 compared to the growth of 0.7% in 2012. Imports of goods measured on an f.o.b. basis would grow by 1.0%, mainly explained by expected imports of marine vessels. Imports of services, which include i ...
... representing a nominal increase of 4.9% (Table 9). In real terms, a growth of 2.9% is expected in 2013 compared to the growth of 0.7% in 2012. Imports of goods measured on an f.o.b. basis would grow by 1.0%, mainly explained by expected imports of marine vessels. Imports of services, which include i ...
Exploring Economic Sectors - Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
... U.S. through looking at changes in different economic sectors. These sectors include consumer spending, nonfinancial services, manufacturing, real estate and construction, agriculture and natural resources, banking, and employment, wages and prices. Each sector’s description is followed by a discuss ...
... U.S. through looking at changes in different economic sectors. These sectors include consumer spending, nonfinancial services, manufacturing, real estate and construction, agriculture and natural resources, banking, and employment, wages and prices. Each sector’s description is followed by a discuss ...
Aggregate Supply
... 1. unions grow more aggressive; wage rates increase or shift to the left—change in input prices 2. labor productivity increases dramatically or shift to the right—change in productivity 3. OPEC successfully increases oil prices or shift to the left—change in input prices 4. compute ...
... 1. unions grow more aggressive; wage rates increase or shift to the left—change in input prices 2. labor productivity increases dramatically or shift to the right—change in productivity 3. OPEC successfully increases oil prices or shift to the left—change in input prices 4. compute ...
The Macro Goal Variables
... Real GDP (Y) -- The total production of final goods and services over a period of time, expressed in constant prices of a base year. Why Real GDP (GDP in constant dollars), instead of Nominal GDP (GDP in current dollars)? ...
... Real GDP (Y) -- The total production of final goods and services over a period of time, expressed in constant prices of a base year. Why Real GDP (GDP in constant dollars), instead of Nominal GDP (GDP in current dollars)? ...
... claims edged slightly downward in August, their level remained above 400,000. Consumer confidence was mixed in August, but overall confidence levels have been little changed over the past few months. Yet, uncertainty about the economy has not slowed consumer spending. In July, home sales remained hi ...
M11_Gordon8014701_12_Macro_C11
... Human capital (H) is the value for a person or for society as a whole, of the extra future earnings made possible by education. – The new production function: Y = AF(K, H, N) ...
... Human capital (H) is the value for a person or for society as a whole, of the extra future earnings made possible by education. – The new production function: Y = AF(K, H, N) ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).