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IGEAT+ESPON+FEDER
IGEAT+ESPON+FEDER

... Source: Haliczer (1934), represented in Vandermotten (2008) ...
Economic Systems Continuum Activity
Economic Systems Continuum Activity

Economic Insights - CIBC World Markets
Economic Insights - CIBC World Markets

... the Eurozone and the US, that’s largely because both are among the highest net beneficiaries of lower oil prices. Plenty of spare capacity remains in Europe, allowing it to grow above its long-run “potential” in 2016 as well. But that’s not the case stateside, where we see growth easing to a 2.4% pa ...
Ireland - Directory has no index file.
Ireland - Directory has no index file.

The benefits of using a HERMIN-type model
The benefits of using a HERMIN-type model

... b) The output of economy had a double determination: the first is based on production factors, while the second includes some significant features of the transition environment (first of all, the under-capitalisation of the majority of economic agents). The macroeconomic equilibria gravitated, obvio ...
The Asian Model - Iowa State University, Department of Economics
The Asian Model - Iowa State University, Department of Economics

... c) The econ implosion of the East Asian tigers in 1997 and 1998 was brought by a “sudden stop” in the inflows of international financial capital – International lending involves buying and selling currencies. Exchange rate movements are a potential risk in international lending. At the same time, i ...
Principles of Economics
Principles of Economics

... Nominal GDP : value each good produced at its current price One use of GDP : to track the economy’s health over time - e.g., are we producing more now than we did 10 years ago? Nominal GDP is not well suited for this task Problem: increases in prices will lead to an increase in Nominal GDP - e.g., o ...
Parliament for Europe Presentation
Parliament for Europe Presentation

... Mr. Mladen Dragasevic, RCC Senior Expert on Smart Growth ...
Chapter Goals - Southern Utah University
Chapter Goals - Southern Utah University

... reference week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or bu ...
The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Emerging Asia GenerAl dIscussIon mr.	mohan:
The Impact of the Financial Crisis on Emerging Asia GenerAl dIscussIon mr. mohan:

... especially in the case of Asia. So, even though Asian countries have very high levels of intraregional trade, they were not shielded from the trade drop with countries outside the region. Mr. Goldstein:  I’ll respond first to Anil’s question about Chinese banks. We have seen extraordinary loan growt ...
Diversification of Nigeria Economy through Agricultural Production
Diversification of Nigeria Economy through Agricultural Production

Transforming Economic Data
Transforming Economic Data

... growth rate that is constant, but it fluctuate randomly around this underlying rate from one year to the next. - Linear detrending is to fit the best straight line through the graph of the logarithm. - The fitted line is called the linear trend (lowfrequency) and the deviations from the fitted line ...
- AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY REPOSITORY
- AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY REPOSITORY

In the Grip of `Secular Stagnation`?
In the Grip of `Secular Stagnation`?

... Gordon (2012), in particular, argues that the growth effect of the invention of the Web, e-commerce and the Internet is likely to prove far lower than that of the two previous industrial revolutions (i.e. steam and railroads from 1750 to 1830, and electricity, internal combustion engine and running ...
Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... Cyclical unemployment is unemployment associated with general downturns in the economy. During cyclical downturns, fewer goods and services are purchased, employers cut back on jobs, and people find themselves without jobs. ...
PDF
PDF

... In the past twenty years the Chinese economy has performed spectacularly well. Gross domestic product (GDP) has grown at 9.8 percent per year from 1978 to 1998, with some slowing recently as the impact of the Asian financial crisis has hit China. The economy has also undergone dramatic and continuin ...
Lecture 4
Lecture 4

... the last 40 years. Labor productivity has increased at about 1.3 percent per year when measured in real GDP per hour. But again there are two periods of productivity growth, reflecting the productivity slowdown of the last 20 years: 2 percent for the period from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, compa ...
IFC EAP - World Bank
IFC EAP - World Bank

... • The tyranny of distance: small, isolated, narrowly based economies – Extractive industries; agriculture; tourism ...
Is Growing in Retail Financial Services a Single Path
Is Growing in Retail Financial Services a Single Path

... Bank Pekao performance compared with Polish banking system ...
Global economic conditions survey report: Q3, 2010 AccountAnts for business
Global economic conditions survey report: Q3, 2010 AccountAnts for business

... largest share of respondents (42%) once again reported no change in their confidence levels; however, the share of those reporting gains in confidence fell from 36% in the second quarter of 2010 to 30%. As Fig. 2 shows, members in the private sector are still reporting rising confidence but at a muc ...
closure in valuation
closure in valuation

Econ 204 Topic 6
Econ 204 Topic 6

... The level of GDP may be inaccurate but the change in GDP is a good indication of the changes in economic activity. To design policies to control inflation it is necessary to know the ACTUAL, LEGAL flow of money payments made to produce and purchase Canadian output. ...
PDF
PDF

... of the world, and aggregates these results using a consistent framework. While the ERS model does not compare levels of agricultural TFP across countries, it does provide a measure of the growth in agricultural TFP over time for each country, global region, and the world. The results suggest that, r ...
The Canadian Productivity Stagnation, 2002-2014
The Canadian Productivity Stagnation, 2002-2014

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Transformation in economics



Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).
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