Strategia Europa 2020 i Europejska Odbudowa Europe 2020
... countries. The US-economic model seems to be adequately tailored for its traditions and values, but much less for the European cultural situation (Tichy 2005, p. 66). The beginning transition into a multipolar global economy makes visible, that a uniform economic model will not fit for global divers ...
... countries. The US-economic model seems to be adequately tailored for its traditions and values, but much less for the European cultural situation (Tichy 2005, p. 66). The beginning transition into a multipolar global economy makes visible, that a uniform economic model will not fit for global divers ...
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... economies but, because the productivity forecasts are larger for the developing countries there is a tendency for their real depreciations against the industrial countries to be larger, exacerbating the downward pressure on Australian export prices. When the population growth is slower only in the d ...
... economies but, because the productivity forecasts are larger for the developing countries there is a tendency for their real depreciations against the industrial countries to be larger, exacerbating the downward pressure on Australian export prices. When the population growth is slower only in the d ...
Economic environment - World Trade Organization
... The Panamanian economy is dominated by service activities, which contribute just over 80 per cent of GDP (Table I.1). Its sector composition has undergone a number of changes since 2000, as the more internationally competitive sectors – transport and communications, financial intermediation and tour ...
... The Panamanian economy is dominated by service activities, which contribute just over 80 per cent of GDP (Table I.1). Its sector composition has undergone a number of changes since 2000, as the more internationally competitive sectors – transport and communications, financial intermediation and tour ...
Understanding R&D Policy: Efficiency or Politics? ECONOMICS
... technological change is key to sustained economic growth. Over the years, the recognition of this fundamental result has pushed innovation to the forefront of the policy agenda. Innovation consists on the discovery of new products and processes, and requires R&D investment in most instances. Governm ...
... technological change is key to sustained economic growth. Over the years, the recognition of this fundamental result has pushed innovation to the forefront of the policy agenda. Innovation consists on the discovery of new products and processes, and requires R&D investment in most instances. Governm ...
Fiscal Policy
... • Improve Efficiency Quality and composition of government expenditure stricter control of non-productive expenditure free resources to strengthen the economy's productive potential via enhancing productivity, innovation and better utilization of human capital ...
... • Improve Efficiency Quality and composition of government expenditure stricter control of non-productive expenditure free resources to strengthen the economy's productive potential via enhancing productivity, innovation and better utilization of human capital ...
quaderni del dipartimento di economia politica e statistica
... distributed among the peasants (that can trade part of it with manufacture products). Any other solution to the social conflict over distribution is possible along the curve - although we may presume that wages cannot fall below a subsistence level. We must now answer two questions: (a) How is the p ...
... distributed among the peasants (that can trade part of it with manufacture products). Any other solution to the social conflict over distribution is possible along the curve - although we may presume that wages cannot fall below a subsistence level. We must now answer two questions: (a) How is the p ...
Timothy Boobier Grazia Manisera Steffy Ndjotong
... ◦ Public investment in human capital. ◦ Public investment in infrastructure: investment would be more attractive without need for overcapitalisation. ◦ Strengthening of institutions Protection from expropriation and rule of law to encourage entrepreneurship and technological development Decreasi ...
... ◦ Public investment in human capital. ◦ Public investment in infrastructure: investment would be more attractive without need for overcapitalisation. ◦ Strengthening of institutions Protection from expropriation and rule of law to encourage entrepreneurship and technological development Decreasi ...
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Working Papers
... world-wide late development under globalization. It is well-known that the era of globalization is also the “lost decades of development” for most parts of the developing world. As can be seen from the figures in Table 1, throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the average annual growth rate of per capita i ...
... world-wide late development under globalization. It is well-known that the era of globalization is also the “lost decades of development” for most parts of the developing world. As can be seen from the figures in Table 1, throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the average annual growth rate of per capita i ...
MAMS: A Tool for Public Finance and Development Strategy Analysis
... a gradual decline to zero for out-of-cohort entrants to first grade. • Drastic increase in the net primary completion rate (MDG 2), from 16% in 2003 to 76% in 2020. • Secondary and tertiary education: Given very rapid enrollment growth (8-9% for both levels), and the policy of maintaining unchanged ...
... a gradual decline to zero for out-of-cohort entrants to first grade. • Drastic increase in the net primary completion rate (MDG 2), from 16% in 2003 to 76% in 2020. • Secondary and tertiary education: Given very rapid enrollment growth (8-9% for both levels), and the policy of maintaining unchanged ...
The Malaysian Experience - Astana Economic Forum 2013
... The Master Plan charts the policy direction of SMEs in all sectors through the year 2020 towards achieving a high income nation in line with the New Economic Model (NEM) Phase I: new SME Development Framework and broad policies and strategies to achieve the NEM goals; Phase II: Master Plan is ...
... The Master Plan charts the policy direction of SMEs in all sectors through the year 2020 towards achieving a high income nation in line with the New Economic Model (NEM) Phase I: new SME Development Framework and broad policies and strategies to achieve the NEM goals; Phase II: Master Plan is ...
Presentation for conference on Non-China Developing Asia?
... after the financial crisis, the desire to rebuild foreign exchange reserves was another reason why authorities in the region intervened in foreign exchange markets to purchase dollars, but this motive has likely diminished in importance as reserves have become very substantial). Once domestic deman ...
... after the financial crisis, the desire to rebuild foreign exchange reserves was another reason why authorities in the region intervened in foreign exchange markets to purchase dollars, but this motive has likely diminished in importance as reserves have become very substantial). Once domestic deman ...
System of economic and environment account: country experience, a case study for Mauritius
... activities, in particular, for the activity groups which emit high amounts of CO2 in their production processes. The most emission intensive sectors in 2009, in terms of tonnes of CO2 per hundred thousand rupees of GVA, were the ‘Water Supply industry’ with 12 tonnes, ‘Textiles’ with 4.7 tonnes, ‘Ch ...
... activities, in particular, for the activity groups which emit high amounts of CO2 in their production processes. The most emission intensive sectors in 2009, in terms of tonnes of CO2 per hundred thousand rupees of GVA, were the ‘Water Supply industry’ with 12 tonnes, ‘Textiles’ with 4.7 tonnes, ‘Ch ...
Competitiveness of regions - E-SGH
... and working conditions The role of technological innovation: gains can be obtained from other 11 factors (pillars) but all of them run into diminishing returns Innovations not only transform the way things are being done but are opening a whole range of new possibilities Environment friendly to inno ...
... and working conditions The role of technological innovation: gains can be obtained from other 11 factors (pillars) but all of them run into diminishing returns Innovations not only transform the way things are being done but are opening a whole range of new possibilities Environment friendly to inno ...
The Reality of Economic Growth: History and Prospect
... Before the Industrial Revolution If we take the scattered and imperfect information we have about the global economy from the distant past to today, we see a pattern like that depicted in Table 5.1. Until 1800 the growth rates of human populations were glacial. Population growth between 5000 B.C. an ...
... Before the Industrial Revolution If we take the scattered and imperfect information we have about the global economy from the distant past to today, we see a pattern like that depicted in Table 5.1. Until 1800 the growth rates of human populations were glacial. Population growth between 5000 B.C. an ...
Balance sheet recession is the reason for `secular stagnation`
... The Japanese media, for example, completely missed the significance of Aso’s contribution at G20 in November 2009. Instead, they tried to portray his administration as a care-taker government ahead of the general election scheduled for 2009, and devoted a great deal of coverage to the prime minister ...
... The Japanese media, for example, completely missed the significance of Aso’s contribution at G20 in November 2009. Instead, they tried to portray his administration as a care-taker government ahead of the general election scheduled for 2009, and devoted a great deal of coverage to the prime minister ...
Economic Outlook - Lee County Economic Development
... for the first half of 2015 but slightly reduced economic growth over the past three years. Inventory building added to growth during the first half of the year and will reduce real GDP growth in the current quarter. Consumer spending, homebuilding and commercial ...
... for the first half of 2015 but slightly reduced economic growth over the past three years. Inventory building added to growth during the first half of the year and will reduce real GDP growth in the current quarter. Consumer spending, homebuilding and commercial ...
government call for ban on temp employment threatens 500 000
... (Association of Nursing Agencies of South Africa) and ITA (Information Technology Association). The industry has been evolving and upgrading with an industry wide certification institute to be launched shortly which will build on the previous professional education programmes to drive professionalis ...
... (Association of Nursing Agencies of South Africa) and ITA (Information Technology Association). The industry has been evolving and upgrading with an industry wide certification institute to be launched shortly which will build on the previous professional education programmes to drive professionalis ...
Slide Master Template
... SETA, NFVF the dti and the private sector, regular engagements on development of the sector and key strategic issues for the Western Cape. • Focused engagement with Cape Town Film Studios for investment purposes in long film, TV productions and other opportunities. • Signed Agreements in place with ...
... SETA, NFVF the dti and the private sector, regular engagements on development of the sector and key strategic issues for the Western Cape. • Focused engagement with Cape Town Film Studios for investment purposes in long film, TV productions and other opportunities. • Signed Agreements in place with ...
Spain in the wake of crisis
... and after those reforms were passed. We do not aim at establishing causality claims between policy actions and economic outcomes but rather to describe how some key variables have changed. We hope that by doing so, we set a useful context for subsequent and more detailed evaluations. The main impedi ...
... and after those reforms were passed. We do not aim at establishing causality claims between policy actions and economic outcomes but rather to describe how some key variables have changed. We hope that by doing so, we set a useful context for subsequent and more detailed evaluations. The main impedi ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).