The impacTs of social aND ecoNomic iNequality on economic
... times larger than the poorest 10 percent; after taxes and social spending, this gap falls so that the richest 10 percent earn 66 percent more than the poorest 10 percent (World Bank 2014). This illustrates the hugely important role of public policy in ensuring that the levels of inequality generated ...
... times larger than the poorest 10 percent; after taxes and social spending, this gap falls so that the richest 10 percent earn 66 percent more than the poorest 10 percent (World Bank 2014). This illustrates the hugely important role of public policy in ensuring that the levels of inequality generated ...
Kingdom of Bahrain ECONOMIC YEARBOOK 2013
... This book is intended as a comprehensive reference work on the Bahraini economy. It offers a compendium of data and analysis covering the development, composition, and prospects of the national economy. Apart from reviewing the recent performance and key characteristics of the economy as whole, this ...
... This book is intended as a comprehensive reference work on the Bahraini economy. It offers a compendium of data and analysis covering the development, composition, and prospects of the national economy. Apart from reviewing the recent performance and key characteristics of the economy as whole, this ...
Growing pains : binding constraints to productive - Inter
... leave a lot to be desired. This does not mean that all are equally binding. Education may be poor but other things may be so much worse that high-skilled individuals are either leaving the country or driving taxis. Banks may look small, but they are full of liquidity and desperate to find sound custo ...
... leave a lot to be desired. This does not mean that all are equally binding. Education may be poor but other things may be so much worse that high-skilled individuals are either leaving the country or driving taxis. Banks may look small, but they are full of liquidity and desperate to find sound custo ...
A Social Security Is It “A Crisis That Doesn’t Exist”? Executive Summary
... defects because of errors or omissions and that they were individually reasonable.”24 In short, the PwC study concluded that, taken as a whole, the trustees’ intermediate assumptions for Social Security represent “state-of-the-art” techniques applied to reasonable underlying premises. The second stu ...
... defects because of errors or omissions and that they were individually reasonable.”24 In short, the PwC study concluded that, taken as a whole, the trustees’ intermediate assumptions for Social Security represent “state-of-the-art” techniques applied to reasonable underlying premises. The second stu ...
corep - World Bank
... Second, skills formation is dependent on strong employer involvement in its planning, design and delivery. Consequently, employers have a direct interest in investing in the training of skilled labour in Mozambique and partnering with government to develop a quality training system ...
... Second, skills formation is dependent on strong employer involvement in its planning, design and delivery. Consequently, employers have a direct interest in investing in the training of skilled labour in Mozambique and partnering with government to develop a quality training system ...
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... labor, have behaved very differently. While, both in the U.S. and in other Western economies, the wage rate has increased steadily, the rental rate of capital has been approximately constant. As is well known in growth theory, this pattern indicates that most of the new technologies are labor-augment ...
... labor, have behaved very differently. While, both in the U.S. and in other Western economies, the wage rate has increased steadily, the rental rate of capital has been approximately constant. As is well known in growth theory, this pattern indicates that most of the new technologies are labor-augment ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DEMOGRAPHICS IN DYNAMIC HECKSCHER-OHLIN MODELS:
... static Heckscher-Ohlin trade models and two-sector growth models — with two different demographic environments, an infinitely lived consumer environment and an overlapping generations environment. In the model, a finite number of countries that differ only in population sizes and initial endowments ...
... static Heckscher-Ohlin trade models and two-sector growth models — with two different demographic environments, an infinitely lived consumer environment and an overlapping generations environment. In the model, a finite number of countries that differ only in population sizes and initial endowments ...
The underground economy is a general name for many kinds of
... and sales of second hand goods do not appear in the national accounts, but their magnitudes may well be of significance to crime fighters. Sharp changes in this kind of economic activity may well be a better forecast of conditions for law enforcement than changes in the value of the GDP arising from ...
... and sales of second hand goods do not appear in the national accounts, but their magnitudes may well be of significance to crime fighters. Sharp changes in this kind of economic activity may well be a better forecast of conditions for law enforcement than changes in the value of the GDP arising from ...
Development of a Macedonian Logistics Services Firm - E-DNRS
... This is the main idea in the effort of developing Macedonian Logistics Service Firm, which could perform many different but compatible tasks as logistics support of the Army, support of business sector, consultancy, education and training of logistics personnel for the business community etc. It is ...
... This is the main idea in the effort of developing Macedonian Logistics Service Firm, which could perform many different but compatible tasks as logistics support of the Army, support of business sector, consultancy, education and training of logistics personnel for the business community etc. It is ...
GROWING, SHRINKING AND LONG RUN
... contributions of growing and shrinking to long run economic performance over complete periods of roughly fifty years in the Very Long Run Data Base, as in the analysis of the Penn World Table and the Maddison Data Base. The first thing to note from Table 7 is that for all of the economies considered ...
... contributions of growing and shrinking to long run economic performance over complete periods of roughly fifty years in the Very Long Run Data Base, as in the analysis of the Penn World Table and the Maddison Data Base. The first thing to note from Table 7 is that for all of the economies considered ...
ESTIMATING INFORMAL ECONOMY SHARE IN RUSSIAN REGIONS
... data is available from Rosstat with high level of details (regional, industrial dimensions). The simplest modification of electricity approach is called “Electricity consumption model” (ECM). It implies that total electricity consumption has a constant elasticity (usually unitary) to the total econo ...
... data is available from Rosstat with high level of details (regional, industrial dimensions). The simplest modification of electricity approach is called “Electricity consumption model” (ECM). It implies that total electricity consumption has a constant elasticity (usually unitary) to the total econo ...
Permanent vs transitory components and economic fundamentals
... is the multivariate Beveridge–Nelson (henceforth B–N) permanent/transitory decomposition3 that, in turn, provides the basis for a range of alternative multivariate techniques.4 We do argue however that B–N trends have been unduly neglected, for which there are probably two explanations. The first ar ...
... is the multivariate Beveridge–Nelson (henceforth B–N) permanent/transitory decomposition3 that, in turn, provides the basis for a range of alternative multivariate techniques.4 We do argue however that B–N trends have been unduly neglected, for which there are probably two explanations. The first ar ...
PowerPoint Template - Uniwersytet Warszawski
... Charles I. Jones (2011) - intermediate goods. Input-Output Economic Model with imported and domestic intermediate goods in N sectors Data of 480 U.S. Industries in 1997; in 2000 inputoutput data for 35 countries and 48 industries. The effect of misallocation can be amplified through the inpu ...
... Charles I. Jones (2011) - intermediate goods. Input-Output Economic Model with imported and domestic intermediate goods in N sectors Data of 480 U.S. Industries in 1997; in 2000 inputoutput data for 35 countries and 48 industries. The effect of misallocation can be amplified through the inpu ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).