Economic Growth across Countries
... Growth rates vary enormously across countries over long periods of time. The reason for these variations is a central issue for economic policy, and cross-country empírical empirical work on this topic has been popular since early 1990s. The findings from cross-country panel regresions show that the ...
... Growth rates vary enormously across countries over long periods of time. The reason for these variations is a central issue for economic policy, and cross-country empírical empirical work on this topic has been popular since early 1990s. The findings from cross-country panel regresions show that the ...
Outline – paper for Vishnu - Political Economy Research Institute
... Heintz. Revised draft. March 5, 2009. ...
... Heintz. Revised draft. March 5, 2009. ...
Regional employment growth and the business cycle
... While most analyses of the business cycle focus on the notion of comovement in employment or output across industries, a great deal of comovement exists across geographical regions as well. Yet, until recently this regional cyclicality has gone largely unexplored, with a few notable exceptions such ...
... While most analyses of the business cycle focus on the notion of comovement in employment or output across industries, a great deal of comovement exists across geographical regions as well. Yet, until recently this regional cyclicality has gone largely unexplored, with a few notable exceptions such ...
CROSS-COUNTRY VARIATIONS IN NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES: THE ROLE OF aTECHNOLOGY"
... but attempts to use the relative price structure not of the advanced industrial economies but of the "world average" economy. They are taken from the 1995 World Development Report. The 1870 estimates of real GDP per capita are my own extensions and modifications of those found in Maddison’s (1995) M ...
... but attempts to use the relative price structure not of the advanced industrial economies but of the "world average" economy. They are taken from the 1995 World Development Report. The 1870 estimates of real GDP per capita are my own extensions and modifications of those found in Maddison’s (1995) M ...
Robert NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PUBLIC FINANCE IN MODELS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
... The recent literature on endogenous economic growth allows for effects of fiscal policy on long-term growth. If the social rate of return on investment exceeds the private return, then tax policies that encourage investment can raise the growth rate and levels of utility. An excess of the social ret ...
... The recent literature on endogenous economic growth allows for effects of fiscal policy on long-term growth. If the social rate of return on investment exceeds the private return, then tax policies that encourage investment can raise the growth rate and levels of utility. An excess of the social ret ...
pg07 Mamatzakis3 5108779 en
... Despite the numerous studies on the return to public infrastructure, few studies have attempted to measure this return in the case of Mexican economy. A country in which the role of public infrastructure may be seen as particularly influential is Mexico, given the government reduction of public inv ...
... Despite the numerous studies on the return to public infrastructure, few studies have attempted to measure this return in the case of Mexican economy. A country in which the role of public infrastructure may be seen as particularly influential is Mexico, given the government reduction of public inv ...
The Elliot School of Foreign Affairs of George Washington University
... privatization started in 1994 the government was very worried about an eventual imbalance between the value of bonds distributed to population and the value of property submitted to privatization for these bonds. To address this issue the government arbitrarily and artificially increased the value o ...
... privatization started in 1994 the government was very worried about an eventual imbalance between the value of bonds distributed to population and the value of property submitted to privatization for these bonds. To address this issue the government arbitrarily and artificially increased the value o ...
General Review
... 2004-05 prices) of 8.33% even surpassing the All-India’s GDP growth rate of 7.94% during the same period. The strength of fundamentals of the economy is evident from the remarkable transition to a high growth path, which has been achieved in the recent years. Various strategic initiatives put in pla ...
... 2004-05 prices) of 8.33% even surpassing the All-India’s GDP growth rate of 7.94% during the same period. The strength of fundamentals of the economy is evident from the remarkable transition to a high growth path, which has been achieved in the recent years. Various strategic initiatives put in pla ...
Lec_notes_1021
... Macroeconomic measures also have important political ramifications. Most voters may know little about GDP, but news of its weak or strong growth will matter for the outcome of national elections. Example: George H.W. ("Daddy") Bush lost the election of 1992 to Bill Clinton. There were undoubtedly ma ...
... Macroeconomic measures also have important political ramifications. Most voters may know little about GDP, but news of its weak or strong growth will matter for the outcome of national elections. Example: George H.W. ("Daddy") Bush lost the election of 1992 to Bill Clinton. There were undoubtedly ma ...
Research and Development Survey: 2010
... Type of research and development activity The R&D expenditure discussed in this release can be classified as one of three types. Basic research, which is carried out to pursue a planned search for new knowledge with either a broad underpinning reference, or no reference, to a likely application. Ap ...
... Type of research and development activity The R&D expenditure discussed in this release can be classified as one of three types. Basic research, which is carried out to pursue a planned search for new knowledge with either a broad underpinning reference, or no reference, to a likely application. Ap ...
Towards an understanding of long
... strength equal to natural forces, marking a new stage in the earth's development, which may be described as the Anthropocene (Meybeck, 2001). Living in Anthropocene means that we have to deal with systems that emerge not only from an initial interplay of climate and geology, but also from more dynam ...
... strength equal to natural forces, marking a new stage in the earth's development, which may be described as the Anthropocene (Meybeck, 2001). Living in Anthropocene means that we have to deal with systems that emerge not only from an initial interplay of climate and geology, but also from more dynam ...
... per inhabitant in the capital have been below the country average and far from the levels in the wealthiest regions. In this context it is relevant to understand the evolution and the dynamics that lie behind both results, in a country where agglomeration economies seem to have had a marginal impact ...
3.3 Macroeconomic models
... of changes in short-run equilibrium. Short-run aggregate market equilibrium means the economy has no wide-spread shortages or surpluses in the product markets. However, this does not necessarily mean that ALL product markets are in equilibrium. A complex economy, like that in the United States, is b ...
... of changes in short-run equilibrium. Short-run aggregate market equilibrium means the economy has no wide-spread shortages or surpluses in the product markets. However, this does not necessarily mean that ALL product markets are in equilibrium. A complex economy, like that in the United States, is b ...
Document
... classroom use or in a secure electronic network environment that prevents downloading or reproducing the copyrighted material. Otherwise, no part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including, but not ...
... classroom use or in a secure electronic network environment that prevents downloading or reproducing the copyrighted material. Otherwise, no part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including, but not ...
Unemployment
... from normal labor market turnover. The creation and destruction of jobs requires that unemployed workers search for new jobs. Increases in the number of people entering and reentering the labor force and increases in unemployment benefits raise frictional unemployment. Frictional unemployment is a p ...
... from normal labor market turnover. The creation and destruction of jobs requires that unemployed workers search for new jobs. Increases in the number of people entering and reentering the labor force and increases in unemployment benefits raise frictional unemployment. Frictional unemployment is a p ...
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... cent of GDP2 and a similar In 1993, John Taylor from the University of Stanford established a deficit is expected for 2002 (see relationship between the optimal central bank interest rate and two indicators: the deviation of inflation from its target and the output Figure 1.8). This fiscal projecgap ...
... cent of GDP2 and a similar In 1993, John Taylor from the University of Stanford established a deficit is expected for 2002 (see relationship between the optimal central bank interest rate and two indicators: the deviation of inflation from its target and the output Figure 1.8). This fiscal projecgap ...
Population Growth and Economic Growth in
... production distribution, improvement in public health also and the conquest of disease. For the food production and distribution Indonesia has done well, to make it more credible and relevant there is example from an article that shows the growth of food such as paddy has increased significantly, t ...
... production distribution, improvement in public health also and the conquest of disease. For the food production and distribution Indonesia has done well, to make it more credible and relevant there is example from an article that shows the growth of food such as paddy has increased significantly, t ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).