How uncertainties in future climate change predictions translate into
... NCAR (Boville & Gent, 1998) and UKMO (Gordon et al., 2000). The two different CMIP2 simulations consist of a Control run with constant greenhouse gas concentrations and of a Greenhouse run with increasing CO2 at a rate of 1% per year. Note that the initial CO2 mixing ratio depends on the model and v ...
... NCAR (Boville & Gent, 1998) and UKMO (Gordon et al., 2000). The two different CMIP2 simulations consist of a Control run with constant greenhouse gas concentrations and of a Greenhouse run with increasing CO2 at a rate of 1% per year. Note that the initial CO2 mixing ratio depends on the model and v ...
Braconnot et al. (2012) - Harvard John A. Paulson School of
... reproducing this signal. Polar amplification is primarily a result of the structure of the polar atmosphere and feedbacks in atmospheric lapse rate, water vapour and clouds that are amplified by changes in sea ice, snow cover and vegetation. Palaeodata also show larger changes in temperature over la ...
... reproducing this signal. Polar amplification is primarily a result of the structure of the polar atmosphere and feedbacks in atmospheric lapse rate, water vapour and clouds that are amplified by changes in sea ice, snow cover and vegetation. Palaeodata also show larger changes in temperature over la ...
Contributions to the management of Chancay
... evidence in the effects of increased greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and global climate changes on Earth. Overall, the temperature has increased and the amount and distribution of rainfall have changed. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), average global temperatures could ...
... evidence in the effects of increased greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and global climate changes on Earth. Overall, the temperature has increased and the amount and distribution of rainfall have changed. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), average global temperatures could ...
Nitrogen and phosphorous limitations significantly reduce future
... Thornton et al., 2009; Zaehle et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2011], establishing whether N and P limitations significantly affect the allowable emissions for RCPs used in IPCC AR5 is urgent. Globally, N limitation commonly dominates temperate and boreal areas, while much of the tropical forests and sava ...
... Thornton et al., 2009; Zaehle et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2011], establishing whether N and P limitations significantly affect the allowable emissions for RCPs used in IPCC AR5 is urgent. Globally, N limitation commonly dominates temperate and boreal areas, while much of the tropical forests and sava ...
This paper - Brookings Institution
... Because of the high levels of conflict and distrust in national politics in recent decades, committing to policy choices in the United States has become quite difficult. On the other hand, for now the nation’s rule of law and governance capacities both remain fairly healthy. If Congress provided new ...
... Because of the high levels of conflict and distrust in national politics in recent decades, committing to policy choices in the United States has become quite difficult. On the other hand, for now the nation’s rule of law and governance capacities both remain fairly healthy. If Congress provided new ...
Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems
... of water has a peculiar non-linear dependency on temperature that results in cold seawater sinking but ice floating. Although global mean sea-surface temperatures are rising at only about half the rate as that for land, 0.13 C per decade compared to 0.27 C per decade since 1979 [10], increasing te ...
... of water has a peculiar non-linear dependency on temperature that results in cold seawater sinking but ice floating. Although global mean sea-surface temperatures are rising at only about half the rate as that for land, 0.13 C per decade compared to 0.27 C per decade since 1979 [10], increasing te ...
The Myopia of Imperfect Climate Models: The Case of UKCP09
... Part 3 – Emulator. Unfortunately this number remains too small to provide a good understanding of the diversity of outcomes. An emulator is therefore built to provide values of x corresponding to values of α for which no runs were made. In other words, the emulator ‘fills the gaps’ between the 280 p ...
... Part 3 – Emulator. Unfortunately this number remains too small to provide a good understanding of the diversity of outcomes. An emulator is therefore built to provide values of x corresponding to values of α for which no runs were made. In other words, the emulator ‘fills the gaps’ between the 280 p ...
Venezuela-Climate Change
... climate, change the system.”1 Though Venezuelan environmental policy has been the source of much controversy, the long-lasting and irreversible impacts of climate change are a threat for Venezuela. The State understands that action needs to be taken to prevent further destruction, and it is committe ...
... climate, change the system.”1 Though Venezuelan environmental policy has been the source of much controversy, the long-lasting and irreversible impacts of climate change are a threat for Venezuela. The State understands that action needs to be taken to prevent further destruction, and it is committe ...
Project Document for CEO Approval
... mitigation options that have been identified in A1 activities, with support from regional and international experts. The results of the 1st CCEAP will be used as basis for the study. Surveys and interviews of relevant stakeholders will also be conducted. Output A2.2. Matrix showing the technical, so ...
... mitigation options that have been identified in A1 activities, with support from regional and international experts. The results of the 1st CCEAP will be used as basis for the study. Surveys and interviews of relevant stakeholders will also be conducted. Output A2.2. Matrix showing the technical, so ...
Climate change, biodiversity conservation, deforestation and its
... Introduction Evidence produced in several studies since the early 1990s suggests that large-scale conversion of tropical forests into pastures or annual crops could lead to changes in the climate. Thus, it has been documented that land-use change impacts regional and global climate through the surfa ...
... Introduction Evidence produced in several studies since the early 1990s suggests that large-scale conversion of tropical forests into pastures or annual crops could lead to changes in the climate. Thus, it has been documented that land-use change impacts regional and global climate through the surfa ...
Uruguay`s iNDC
... Thanks to the removal increase by LULUCF and to low emissions by the energy sector in 2030 Uruguay will be a net CO2 remover. (See Annex) CH4 Emissions - Beef production (78% of CH4 emissions in 2010) The singular biological origin of these emissions, in addition to the fact that the country cannot ...
... Thanks to the removal increase by LULUCF and to low emissions by the energy sector in 2030 Uruguay will be a net CO2 remover. (See Annex) CH4 Emissions - Beef production (78% of CH4 emissions in 2010) The singular biological origin of these emissions, in addition to the fact that the country cannot ...
Renewables…… - National Planning Forum
... preclude the supply of certain types of renewable energy, and therefore other than in the most exceptional circumstances such as within nationally recognised designations16, avoid such restrictive polices; ...
... preclude the supply of certain types of renewable energy, and therefore other than in the most exceptional circumstances such as within nationally recognised designations16, avoid such restrictive polices; ...
- University of Surrey
... second challenge is that while climate change requires a global solution, research on public reactions to co-benefits has predominantly been in Western countries (e.g., the USA16), and it is not clear whether cultures differ in the co-benefits that are most influential. Our research aims to address ...
... second challenge is that while climate change requires a global solution, research on public reactions to co-benefits has predominantly been in Western countries (e.g., the USA16), and it is not clear whether cultures differ in the co-benefits that are most influential. Our research aims to address ...
Download country chapter
... claims to be involving 60,000 farmers on 45,000 hectares to switch to climatesmart agricultural practices and increasing crop yields (World Bank reports crop yield increase of USD200-400/ha/year) as well as resilience to climate change. In January 2014, the project issued its first carbon credits (r ...
... claims to be involving 60,000 farmers on 45,000 hectares to switch to climatesmart agricultural practices and increasing crop yields (World Bank reports crop yield increase of USD200-400/ha/year) as well as resilience to climate change. In January 2014, the project issued its first carbon credits (r ...
TRF - Water Resource System Research Unit
... • capacity building on downscaling global climate models and crop model to driving further initiative in some member states as well as the expertise enhancement in experience of the member states. ...
... • capacity building on downscaling global climate models and crop model to driving further initiative in some member states as well as the expertise enhancement in experience of the member states. ...
8. Mitigation cost curves
... • McKinsey & Company - economy wide analyses on GHG emissions reductions for the United States • ICF International- a California specific curve following AB-32 legislation • The Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy marginal abatement cost curves for Germany • US EPA - MAC curv ...
... • McKinsey & Company - economy wide analyses on GHG emissions reductions for the United States • ICF International- a California specific curve following AB-32 legislation • The Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy marginal abatement cost curves for Germany • US EPA - MAC curv ...
March 4, 2016 Dear Host/Moderator of the Democratic
... some of the candidates, adaptation is only a “temporary stopgap unless global warming emissions are substantially reduced.” 7 What are specific policies you would put in place to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help protect the future livelihoods of Americans like those in Miami from facing the ...
... some of the candidates, adaptation is only a “temporary stopgap unless global warming emissions are substantially reduced.” 7 What are specific policies you would put in place to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help protect the future livelihoods of Americans like those in Miami from facing the ...
PDF
... arithmetic average of climate variables in winter (December, January, February), spring (March, April, May), summer (June, July, August) and autumn (September, October, November). For farmland value, land in farms, and other agricultural data, we rely on the U.S. Census of Agriculture (USDA 1978, 19 ...
... arithmetic average of climate variables in winter (December, January, February), spring (March, April, May), summer (June, July, August) and autumn (September, October, November). For farmland value, land in farms, and other agricultural data, we rely on the U.S. Census of Agriculture (USDA 1978, 19 ...
Document
... Dynamics Project has been focused on the creation of models which can describe the processes in the biosphere which result in vegetation dynamics. The models are being designed to define the biotic and ecological results of measures suggested to slow or stop increases in greenhouse gases. The models ...
... Dynamics Project has been focused on the creation of models which can describe the processes in the biosphere which result in vegetation dynamics. The models are being designed to define the biotic and ecological results of measures suggested to slow or stop increases in greenhouse gases. The models ...
4. The response of the climate system to a
... the air temperature, its humidity and the vertical stability of the air column. This affects the formation and lifetime of clouds, and is referred to as the semi-direct effect of aerosols. The most recent estimates of the radiative forcing associated with the cloud-albedo effect are between –0.3 and ...
... the air temperature, its humidity and the vertical stability of the air column. This affects the formation and lifetime of clouds, and is referred to as the semi-direct effect of aerosols. The most recent estimates of the radiative forcing associated with the cloud-albedo effect are between –0.3 and ...
ESTIMATION OF HEAT WAVE INDICES FROM CLIMATE MODEL
... Global and regional climate patterns have changed throughout the history of our planet. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, these changes occurred due to natural causes, including variations in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, volcanic eruptions, and fluctuations in the Sun’s energy, etc... Since t ...
... Global and regional climate patterns have changed throughout the history of our planet. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, these changes occurred due to natural causes, including variations in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, volcanic eruptions, and fluctuations in the Sun’s energy, etc... Since t ...
ecvs in the stratosphere - CCI
... POAM III SMR(1) SMR(2) SAGE III MIPAS SCIAMACHY ACE-FTS Aura-MLS ...
... POAM III SMR(1) SMR(2) SAGE III MIPAS SCIAMACHY ACE-FTS Aura-MLS ...
Trend Analysis of the Mean Annual Temperature in
... averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is unequivocal and very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The 10 warmest years of the 20th century all occurred in the last 15 years of the century, 1998 being the warmest year on record. The Intergove ...
... averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is unequivocal and very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The 10 warmest years of the 20th century all occurred in the last 15 years of the century, 1998 being the warmest year on record. The Intergove ...