Three Key Elements of a Post-2012 International Climate Policy
... total emissions. Indeed, ChinaÕs CO2 emissions have surpassed those of the United States (Gregg, Andres, and Marland, 2008), and ChinaÕs emissions are expected to continue to grow much faster than U.S. emissions (Blanford, Richels, and Rutherford, 2010). Even if all of the Annex I countries, includi ...
... total emissions. Indeed, ChinaÕs CO2 emissions have surpassed those of the United States (Gregg, Andres, and Marland, 2008), and ChinaÕs emissions are expected to continue to grow much faster than U.S. emissions (Blanford, Richels, and Rutherford, 2010). Even if all of the Annex I countries, includi ...
Expert Scientific Statement: The Potential of Irish Grassland Soils to
... Irish grasslands sequester (fix) significant amounts of atmospheric carbon in their soils, which will only be acknowledged in IPCC greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting methods when Ireland can produce evidence-based Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of carbon sequestration. As of 2014, Irish ...
... Irish grasslands sequester (fix) significant amounts of atmospheric carbon in their soils, which will only be acknowledged in IPCC greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting methods when Ireland can produce evidence-based Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) of carbon sequestration. As of 2014, Irish ...
The importance of the Montreal protocol in protecting climate
... September 21, 2007 in Montreal: • Adjustment of Montreal Protocol: accelerated HCFC phase-out • Climate effects taken into account • Developed countries: – Phase-out from 2030 2020 (+ intermediate reductions targets) ...
... September 21, 2007 in Montreal: • Adjustment of Montreal Protocol: accelerated HCFC phase-out • Climate effects taken into account • Developed countries: – Phase-out from 2030 2020 (+ intermediate reductions targets) ...
IJRSP 42(6) 391-396
... Interplanetary magnetic field intensity at Earth’s orbit reached the highest value (9.1 nT) in 1991 (cycle 22) and in 2009, it declined to ~2/3 of its value in 1963, the lowest value ever measured8. Solar geomagnetic activity effect on Earth’s climate has recently been examined by Mufty & Shah9. The ...
... Interplanetary magnetic field intensity at Earth’s orbit reached the highest value (9.1 nT) in 1991 (cycle 22) and in 2009, it declined to ~2/3 of its value in 1963, the lowest value ever measured8. Solar geomagnetic activity effect on Earth’s climate has recently been examined by Mufty & Shah9. The ...
Efficient Carbon Policy: Taxes vs. Cap & Trade
... models) is that marginal benefits of CO2 abatement are virtually constant—this favors the use of taxes rather that C&T Hybrid schemes may in fact be the most efficient Learning about costs & benefits over time + policy flexibility + good political incentives tends to diminish uncertainty and red ...
... models) is that marginal benefits of CO2 abatement are virtually constant—this favors the use of taxes rather that C&T Hybrid schemes may in fact be the most efficient Learning about costs & benefits over time + policy flexibility + good political incentives tends to diminish uncertainty and red ...
Forest resilience, tipping points and global change processes
... to forest. This feedback seemed to be stronger in warmer years, which could induce larger changes in peat bogs under climate change than commonly considered. This experiment hence helps to increase our understanding of the mechanisms leading to alternative stable states in boreal ecosystems (Scheffe ...
... to forest. This feedback seemed to be stronger in warmer years, which could induce larger changes in peat bogs under climate change than commonly considered. This experiment hence helps to increase our understanding of the mechanisms leading to alternative stable states in boreal ecosystems (Scheffe ...
Download: ACI2015 - Summary for Policy-makers
... Climate models indicate that the rise in global methane concentrations in the air since pre-industrial times has increased Arctic temperatures by about half a degree C to date, about twice as much as its impact on global temperature. This difference is consistent with the faster rate of Arctic warmi ...
... Climate models indicate that the rise in global methane concentrations in the air since pre-industrial times has increased Arctic temperatures by about half a degree C to date, about twice as much as its impact on global temperature. This difference is consistent with the faster rate of Arctic warmi ...
The intensification and shift of the annual North Atlantic Oscillation in
... December 2000 (Fig. 6), it is clear that the model (Fig. 5a) simulates a reasonable teleconnection pattern over the North Atlantic region during the period of January 1860 to December 1959, although the locations of the centers of action relative to the base period are displaced westward by about 10 ...
... December 2000 (Fig. 6), it is clear that the model (Fig. 5a) simulates a reasonable teleconnection pattern over the North Atlantic region during the period of January 1860 to December 1959, although the locations of the centers of action relative to the base period are displaced westward by about 10 ...
The economic impact of climate change
... the total damage cost of climate change have been published, a research effort that is in sharp contrast to the urgency of the public debate and the proposed expenditure on greenhouse gas emission reduction. These estimates show that climate change initially improves economic welfare. However, these ...
... the total damage cost of climate change have been published, a research effort that is in sharp contrast to the urgency of the public debate and the proposed expenditure on greenhouse gas emission reduction. These estimates show that climate change initially improves economic welfare. However, these ...
Understanding the Earth as a Complex System – recent advances in
... the Earth’s body (via pressure forces) and the climate system (e.g. through the ice-albedo feedback, which amplifies the cooling effect by an increasing reflection of solar irradiation). Vice versa, the disappearing of polar ice sheets is clearly a result of gradual long-term climate changes, but can a ...
... the Earth’s body (via pressure forces) and the climate system (e.g. through the ice-albedo feedback, which amplifies the cooling effect by an increasing reflection of solar irradiation). Vice versa, the disappearing of polar ice sheets is clearly a result of gradual long-term climate changes, but can a ...
... areas, including forestry, biomass energy, and opportunities for carbon trading. For all chapters in this section, but especially for Chapters 4 and 6, it will be important to work closely with WGI to insure harmonized treatment of ecosystem components to provide strong feedbacks to global climate. ...
Global warming is dead - Nottingham ePrints
... head and can offset warming for a decade or two?” In part the answer depends on what we mean by ‘global warming'. For many it means the global mean temperature increases. But for anthropogenic climate change, it means the climate change resulting from all kinds of human activities, and it is now wel ...
... head and can offset warming for a decade or two?” In part the answer depends on what we mean by ‘global warming'. For many it means the global mean temperature increases. But for anthropogenic climate change, it means the climate change resulting from all kinds of human activities, and it is now wel ...
Satellite Instrument Calibration for Measuring Global
... 1/5 of decadal climate signal (somewhat arbitrary) Implies uncertainty range of 0.8 to 1.2, or factor of 1.5, for unit change Climate model predictions differ by factor of 4 (temperature increase of 1.4 to 5.8 K by by 2100) Stability of 1/5 of signal would lead to considerable narrowing of p ...
... 1/5 of decadal climate signal (somewhat arbitrary) Implies uncertainty range of 0.8 to 1.2, or factor of 1.5, for unit change Climate model predictions differ by factor of 4 (temperature increase of 1.4 to 5.8 K by by 2100) Stability of 1/5 of signal would lead to considerable narrowing of p ...
3.7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Change
... ice, variable precipitation, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (Solomon et al. 2007). Large-scale changes to Earth’s system are collectively referred to as climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been established by the World Meteorologi ...
... ice, variable precipitation, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events (Solomon et al. 2007). Large-scale changes to Earth’s system are collectively referred to as climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been established by the World Meteorologi ...
" Food Miles" to - University of Maine School of Law Digital Commons
... A. Food’s Slice of the Global Greenhouse Gas Pie Food production, mainly agriculture, contributes a major share of greenhouse emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that global greenhouse gas emissions totaled about forty-nine gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalen ...
... A. Food’s Slice of the Global Greenhouse Gas Pie Food production, mainly agriculture, contributes a major share of greenhouse emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated that global greenhouse gas emissions totaled about forty-nine gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalen ...
Lead–lag relationships between global mean temperature and the
... a tropospheric lapse rate depending on surface air temperature. In these respects, the IAP RAS CM atmospheric module is similar to that used in the Climber-2 EMIC (Ganopolski et al., 2001; Petoukhov et al., 2000) but has a higher spatial resolution: 4.5◦ in latitude and 6◦ in longitude. The IAP RAS ...
... a tropospheric lapse rate depending on surface air temperature. In these respects, the IAP RAS CM atmospheric module is similar to that used in the Climber-2 EMIC (Ganopolski et al., 2001; Petoukhov et al., 2000) but has a higher spatial resolution: 4.5◦ in latitude and 6◦ in longitude. The IAP RAS ...
The Climate Change Performance Index
... Point for the Path to Global Decarbonisation? Global energy-related CO2 emissions showed an increase in 2013. But there are signs of a slowdown, or even a halt, in the growth of emissions, as is indicated by the preliminary emissions data for 20141. Renewable energies are growing rapidly. In 2014, a ...
... Point for the Path to Global Decarbonisation? Global energy-related CO2 emissions showed an increase in 2013. But there are signs of a slowdown, or even a halt, in the growth of emissions, as is indicated by the preliminary emissions data for 20141. Renewable energies are growing rapidly. In 2014, a ...
Climate Change Trends and Action Report
... What has BWSR already done?............................................................................................................ 8 How have BWSR’s actions benefited Minnesotans and created jobs? ................................................ 10 What is BWSR doing now to mitigate further cli ...
... What has BWSR already done?............................................................................................................ 8 How have BWSR’s actions benefited Minnesotans and created jobs? ................................................ 10 What is BWSR doing now to mitigate further cli ...
Read Article
... Source: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Economic Research Service (2012). In India, over 60 percent of crops are rain-fed, which makes these agricultural areas very vulnerable to changes in precipitation due to climate change (World Bank, 2013a). It was calculated that a 2°C rise in ...
... Source: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Economic Research Service (2012). In India, over 60 percent of crops are rain-fed, which makes these agricultural areas very vulnerable to changes in precipitation due to climate change (World Bank, 2013a). It was calculated that a 2°C rise in ...
EEA - unece
... enormous benefits, it also presents substantial challenges • Benefits Decoupling of CO2 emissions from economic growth and reduced European contribution to global climate change Reduced emissions of air pollutants Reduced energy import dependency (-20%) Employment in industrial and agricultu ...
... enormous benefits, it also presents substantial challenges • Benefits Decoupling of CO2 emissions from economic growth and reduced European contribution to global climate change Reduced emissions of air pollutants Reduced energy import dependency (-20%) Employment in industrial and agricultu ...