Historical and idealized climate model experiments
... Earth system AOGCMs. New subcomponents (for example, continental ice sheets, representations of peatlands, wetlands or permafrost) are often developed within the EMIC framework before they are embedded into coupled AOGCMs, because development and testing is less computationally expensive. In additio ...
... Earth system AOGCMs. New subcomponents (for example, continental ice sheets, representations of peatlands, wetlands or permafrost) are often developed within the EMIC framework before they are embedded into coupled AOGCMs, because development and testing is less computationally expensive. In additio ...
Earth Atmospheric Land Surface Temperature and Station Quality in
... In addition to the meso scale effects of UHI one needs to also consider the potential for micro site bias, that is, biases that arise from physical processes that dominate with 100 meters of the station [8-12]. Micro site bias can be present at both an urban site or at a rural site such that a rural ...
... In addition to the meso scale effects of UHI one needs to also consider the potential for micro site bias, that is, biases that arise from physical processes that dominate with 100 meters of the station [8-12]. Micro site bias can be present at both an urban site or at a rural site such that a rural ...
Text - Reading`s CentAUR
... to as SCN-B2b) in which the GHGs seen by the radiation code are allowed to vary in time as in the REF-B2 simulation, but ODSs are held fixed at their 1960 values in the chemistry code. The concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 passed to the radiation code evolve in the same manner as in REF-B2. This i ...
... to as SCN-B2b) in which the GHGs seen by the radiation code are allowed to vary in time as in the REF-B2 simulation, but ODSs are held fixed at their 1960 values in the chemistry code. The concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 passed to the radiation code evolve in the same manner as in REF-B2. This i ...
climate change document
... Climate change is happening and it is caused largely by human activity. Its impacts are beginning to be felt and will worsen in the decades ahead unless we take action. The solution to climate change will involve a broad array of technologies and policies—many tried and true, and many new and innova ...
... Climate change is happening and it is caused largely by human activity. Its impacts are beginning to be felt and will worsen in the decades ahead unless we take action. The solution to climate change will involve a broad array of technologies and policies—many tried and true, and many new and innova ...
Brown, Lessons Learned From The Climate Change Disinformation
... Justice And Ethical Problem, http://blogs.law.widener.edu/climate/2015/04/18/questionsthat-should-be-asked-of-politicians-and-others-who-oppose-national-action-on-climatechange-on-the-basis-of-scientific-uncertainty-or-unacceptable-cost-to-the-economygiven-that-climate-cha/, April 2015 Brown, Lesson ...
... Justice And Ethical Problem, http://blogs.law.widener.edu/climate/2015/04/18/questionsthat-should-be-asked-of-politicians-and-others-who-oppose-national-action-on-climatechange-on-the-basis-of-scientific-uncertainty-or-unacceptable-cost-to-the-economygiven-that-climate-cha/, April 2015 Brown, Lesson ...
... (2005, 2006), and concludes that ‘models and observations disagree to a statistically significant extent.’ This contradicts the findings of both Santer et al. (2005) and the previously mentioned CCSP and IPCC reports (Karl et al., 2006; IPCC, 2007). As DCPS07 note, their conclusions were reached ‘ba ...
Temperate Deciduous Forests - Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science
... issues? Running and Nemani (1991) modeled forest ecosystem response to various climate change factors, including a doubling of atmospheric CO2 , a 4 ° C temperature rise, and 10% increased precipitation, and found predicted changes which depended on the forest type and current climatic conditions. M ...
... issues? Running and Nemani (1991) modeled forest ecosystem response to various climate change factors, including a doubling of atmospheric CO2 , a 4 ° C temperature rise, and 10% increased precipitation, and found predicted changes which depended on the forest type and current climatic conditions. M ...
Building Social Resilience: Protecting and Empowering Those Most
... The GAR will be published prior to the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015, in which governments will adopt a successor agreement to the HFA. Coming at the end of the HFA’s 10 year cycle, GAR15 will: explore the landscape of global disaster risk at the end of the HFA; analyze how muc ...
... The GAR will be published prior to the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015, in which governments will adopt a successor agreement to the HFA. Coming at the end of the HFA’s 10 year cycle, GAR15 will: explore the landscape of global disaster risk at the end of the HFA; analyze how muc ...
REPORTS A CLIMATIC DRIVER FOR ABRUPT MID-HOLOCENE VEGETATION D
... yet the observed changes in these taxa were synchronous and equivalent in magnitude and rate (Fig. 3). We suggest that mid-Holocene climate change, rather than a biological agent, was the primary driver of both the hemlock decline in the inland region and the decline of oak and increase of beech at ...
... yet the observed changes in these taxa were synchronous and equivalent in magnitude and rate (Fig. 3). We suggest that mid-Holocene climate change, rather than a biological agent, was the primary driver of both the hemlock decline in the inland region and the decline of oak and increase of beech at ...
What Is El Niño? - Gulf of Maine Aquarium
... water to rise to the surface to nourish plankton,fishes, seabirds, sea lions, and other marine life of the coastal region. The trade winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific north of Australia, keeping surface water temperatures and sea level in the western Pacific higher than elsewhere. ...
... water to rise to the surface to nourish plankton,fishes, seabirds, sea lions, and other marine life of the coastal region. The trade winds pile up warm water in the western Pacific north of Australia, keeping surface water temperatures and sea level in the western Pacific higher than elsewhere. ...
Role of Information Asymmetry in a Public Goods Game for Climate
... world players influences emergence of cooperation. In this paper, we study the role of information asymmetry about monetary investments among human players using a modified form of a repeated public goods game for Earth’s climate (called, “climate game”). In the climate game, a group of four human p ...
... world players influences emergence of cooperation. In this paper, we study the role of information asymmetry about monetary investments among human players using a modified form of a repeated public goods game for Earth’s climate (called, “climate game”). In the climate game, a group of four human p ...
RAINFALL PATTERN IN FREETOWN, SIERRA LEONE
... a changing climate as indicated in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, makes productivity output highly variable as the onset and cessation of rain are subject to space and time [6]. A handful of detailed studies on rainfall variability have been reported in ...
... a changing climate as indicated in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, makes productivity output highly variable as the onset and cessation of rain are subject to space and time [6]. A handful of detailed studies on rainfall variability have been reported in ...
Adapting to environmental change in North Africa
... under the dry and hot conditions of the arid environment. ICARDA has revived, enhanced and promoted an old indigenous practice of collecting (harvesting) the runoff water for subsequent use (Oweis et al., 2001). To retain water, farmers generally use small circular or semi-circular basins or bunds a ...
... under the dry and hot conditions of the arid environment. ICARDA has revived, enhanced and promoted an old indigenous practice of collecting (harvesting) the runoff water for subsequent use (Oweis et al., 2001). To retain water, farmers generally use small circular or semi-circular basins or bunds a ...
Start letter here - Shellfish Association of Great Britain
... intakes should not exceed 11% of food energy2. This recommendation was reflected by the World Health Organization in 20033. Current intakes exceed this recommendation by 20% (at 13.3% of food energy5). It has been estimated that reducing saturated fat intakes to within recommended levels could resul ...
... intakes should not exceed 11% of food energy2. This recommendation was reflected by the World Health Organization in 20033. Current intakes exceed this recommendation by 20% (at 13.3% of food energy5). It has been estimated that reducing saturated fat intakes to within recommended levels could resul ...
Caring for Our Natural Assets
... movement related to human health and the environment. Climate change is the focus. The potential impacts of rising temperatures and sea levels around the world are stimulating public discourse and political action on a global scale; the energy around the issue reminds us of the urgency generated by ...
... movement related to human health and the environment. Climate change is the focus. The potential impacts of rising temperatures and sea levels around the world are stimulating public discourse and political action on a global scale; the energy around the issue reminds us of the urgency generated by ...
the role of hydrology towards water resources sustainability
... Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz is Professor of Earth Sciences and Corresponding Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He holds doctorate and habilitation in hydrology from the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. He has led the Climate and Water Department in the Institut ...
... Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz is Professor of Earth Sciences and Corresponding Member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He holds doctorate and habilitation in hydrology from the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. He has led the Climate and Water Department in the Institut ...
Role
... emissions are reduced limiting climate change Cooperation is needed to ensure global optimal level of mitigation ...
... emissions are reduced limiting climate change Cooperation is needed to ensure global optimal level of mitigation ...
Emergence of a midseason period of low floral resources in a
... Eriogonum umbellatum occurred in the dry habitat and reached its peak flowering during the mid-season period of low flower abundance typical of that habitat. Sometimes as many as 150 inflorescences of E. umbellatum were open on a single day. However, the flowers are small and rarely, if ever, visited by ...
... Eriogonum umbellatum occurred in the dry habitat and reached its peak flowering during the mid-season period of low flower abundance typical of that habitat. Sometimes as many as 150 inflorescences of E. umbellatum were open on a single day. However, the flowers are small and rarely, if ever, visited by ...