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4. Empirical verification of predictions for synchronous polysemy
4. Empirical verification of predictions for synchronous polysemy

... gradually slows down, because the most specific, i.e. the least stable components of meanings, are lost first, and the remaining, less specific components exist longer: the less specific are the components, the longer they exist. The process of acquisition of new meanings by a sign gradually slows d ...
Original print version
Original print version

... Andrey N. Medushevsky, Russian Constitutionalism: Historical and Contemporary Development (London and New York: Routledge, 2006), 264 pp. This book is not an easy read. One suspects that the original Russian is a dense if not turgid text, and it is not helped by a very literal translation. At times ...
ESOL language A artx - English Language Partners
ESOL language A artx - English Language Partners

... Russian Russian is spoken by about 270 million people world wide, including Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, all countries of the former Soviet Union and former Eastern Block countries. It is written in the Cyrillic alphabet and has many dialects. When it comes to grammar, Russian and English are very diff ...
Russian as a Foreign Language
Russian as a Foreign Language

1

Russification



Russification is a form of cultural assimilation process during which non-Russian communities, voluntarily or not, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian one.In a historical sense, the term refers to both official and unofficial policies of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union with respect to their national constituents and to national minorities in Russia, aimed at Russian domination.The major areas of Russification are politics and culture. In politics, an element of Russification is assigning Russian nationals to leading administrative positions in national institutions. In culture, Russification primarily amounts to domination of the Russian language in official business and strong influence of the Russian language on national idioms. The shifts in demographics in favour of the ethnic Russian population are sometimes considered as a form of Russification as well.Analytically, it is helpful to distinguish Russification, as a process of changing one's ethnic self-label or identity from a non-Russian ethnonym to Russian, from Russianization, the spread of the Russian language, culture, and people into non-Russian cultures and regions, distinct also from Sovietization or the imposition of institutional forms established by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union throughout the territory ruled by that party. In this sense, although Russification is usually conflated across Russification, Russianization, and Russian-led Sovietization, each can be considered a distinct process. Russianization and Sovietization, for example, did not automatically lead to Russification – change in language or self-identity of non-Russian peoples to being Russian. Thus, despite long exposure to the Russian language and culture, as well as to Sovietization, at the end of the Soviet era non-Russians were on the verge of becoming a majority of the population in the Soviet Union.
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