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PPT
... momentum of electron are gauge dependent and so their physical meaning is obscure. • The canonical photon spin and orbital angular momentum operators are also gauge dependent. Their physical meaning is obscure too. • Even it has been claimed in some textbooks that it is impossible to have photon spi ...
... momentum of electron are gauge dependent and so their physical meaning is obscure. • The canonical photon spin and orbital angular momentum operators are also gauge dependent. Their physical meaning is obscure too. • Even it has been claimed in some textbooks that it is impossible to have photon spi ...
Stability and dynamical property for two
... 共1,1兲. The former corresponds to the spin mode while the later the density mode. The two modes can be understood as in- and out-of-phase oscillations of two coupled Josephson currents 关18兴. The fixed points are dynamically stable as long as the corresponding frequencies + and − are both real. The ...
... 共1,1兲. The former corresponds to the spin mode while the later the density mode. The two modes can be understood as in- and out-of-phase oscillations of two coupled Josephson currents 关18兴. The fixed points are dynamically stable as long as the corresponding frequencies + and − are both real. The ...
Elektromagnetisme, noter og formelsamling
... QFT, and then the interactions. We next is free photon elds and spinor interaction in QED, and shortly say something about the Higgs mechanism for massive bosons and their Feynman rules. Finaly, we shortly say something about non-abelian eld theories (Yang-Mills theories) in general, and give a ve ...
... QFT, and then the interactions. We next is free photon elds and spinor interaction in QED, and shortly say something about the Higgs mechanism for massive bosons and their Feynman rules. Finaly, we shortly say something about non-abelian eld theories (Yang-Mills theories) in general, and give a ve ...
The Asymptotic Safety Scenario in Quantum Gravity
... Quantum gravity research strongly draws on concepts and techniques from other areas of theoretical physics. As these concepts and techniques evolve they are routinely applied to quantum gravity. In the case of the functional integral picture the transferral was in the past often dismissed as eventua ...
... Quantum gravity research strongly draws on concepts and techniques from other areas of theoretical physics. As these concepts and techniques evolve they are routinely applied to quantum gravity. In the case of the functional integral picture the transferral was in the past often dismissed as eventua ...
Vladimirov A.A., Diakonov D. Diffeomorphism
... Diffeomorphism invariance, or reparametrization invariance, is the key feature of general relativity. However, perturbative expansion about a background metric usually breaks diffeomorphism invariance: one has to ®ˇx the gauge¯. In order to quantize gravity, one needs nonperturbative approaches that ...
... Diffeomorphism invariance, or reparametrization invariance, is the key feature of general relativity. However, perturbative expansion about a background metric usually breaks diffeomorphism invariance: one has to ®ˇx the gauge¯. In order to quantize gravity, one needs nonperturbative approaches that ...
Time reversal in classical electromagnetism - Philsci
... (So active and passive time reversal have exactly the same effect on the coordinate dependent descriptions of worlds.) Suppose now that we have a theory which is stated in terms of coordinate dependent descriptions of the world, i.e. a theory which says that only certain coordinate dependent descri ...
... (So active and passive time reversal have exactly the same effect on the coordinate dependent descriptions of worlds.) Suppose now that we have a theory which is stated in terms of coordinate dependent descriptions of the world, i.e. a theory which says that only certain coordinate dependent descri ...
Quantum Operating Systems - Henry Corrigan
... The last few years have seen tremendous progress towards the construction of non-trivial quantum computers [7, 23, 29]. A number of start-ups are working towards commercializing the technology, NIST is standardizing new “post-quantum” cryptosystems [41], and industry giants, including Google [20] an ...
... The last few years have seen tremendous progress towards the construction of non-trivial quantum computers [7, 23, 29]. A number of start-ups are working towards commercializing the technology, NIST is standardizing new “post-quantum” cryptosystems [41], and industry giants, including Google [20] an ...
Chapter 4 from the Virtual Book of Quantum Mechanics
... The wavefunction and its first derivative must be the same on both sides of the boundaries. Equating the wavefunctions and their first derivatives at the boundaries provides a system of equations that yield descriptive information. Also, solving problems in one dimension is usually mathematically at ...
... The wavefunction and its first derivative must be the same on both sides of the boundaries. Equating the wavefunctions and their first derivatives at the boundaries provides a system of equations that yield descriptive information. Also, solving problems in one dimension is usually mathematically at ...
Introduction: 100 years of Brownian motion - Physik Uni
... derstood only for thermal equilibrium systems. The projector operator approach,40,41 which is used to eliminate the irrelevant 共phase space兲 degrees of freedom, yields a clear-cut method to obtain the formal equations for either the rate of change of the probability or the reduced density operator, ...
... derstood only for thermal equilibrium systems. The projector operator approach,40,41 which is used to eliminate the irrelevant 共phase space兲 degrees of freedom, yields a clear-cut method to obtain the formal equations for either the rate of change of the probability or the reduced density operator, ...
Grand Unified Models and Cosmology
... Also, which process(es) lead to the baryon asymmetry of the universe? Which process(es) can predict the small ratio η? What is the nature of the dark-matter of the universe? How can the CBR look the same in all directions [16] when it comes from causally disconnected regions of space? This is referr ...
... Also, which process(es) lead to the baryon asymmetry of the universe? Which process(es) can predict the small ratio η? What is the nature of the dark-matter of the universe? How can the CBR look the same in all directions [16] when it comes from causally disconnected regions of space? This is referr ...
BOULDER SUMMER SCHOOL LECTURE NOTES TOPOLOGICAL
... requires that there are regions of the sBZ which are free of bulk states at the same energy. Indeed if we consider the idealized limit of a pair of Weyl nodes at the chemical potential (EF = 0) at momenta ±~k0∗ in the sBZ, once can define surface states at the same energy at all momenta except the p ...
... requires that there are regions of the sBZ which are free of bulk states at the same energy. Indeed if we consider the idealized limit of a pair of Weyl nodes at the chemical potential (EF = 0) at momenta ±~k0∗ in the sBZ, once can define surface states at the same energy at all momenta except the p ...
Singularity of the time-energy uncertainty in adiabatic perturbation
... field. Its quantum trajectory is shown to be a cycloid on the Bloch sphere, traced by a point on a rolling circle, of a radius determined by the angular speed of the magnetic field, along the adiabatic path of the instantaneous eigenstate. We find the two basic geometric quantities, the distance and ...
... field. Its quantum trajectory is shown to be a cycloid on the Bloch sphere, traced by a point on a rolling circle, of a radius determined by the angular speed of the magnetic field, along the adiabatic path of the instantaneous eigenstate. We find the two basic geometric quantities, the distance and ...
9691 KB pdf file
... theory in terms of other degrees of freedom can remove the sign problem. In the last chapter, we study such a procedure for the non-linear O(2)-sigma model at finite µ. The phase diagram of this theory is then investigated using the worm algorithm [16]. ...
... theory in terms of other degrees of freedom can remove the sign problem. In the last chapter, we study such a procedure for the non-linear O(2)-sigma model at finite µ. The phase diagram of this theory is then investigated using the worm algorithm [16]. ...
Towards UV Finiteness of Infinite Derivative Theories of Gravity and
... • the Feynman rules for propagators and vertices for our infinite-derivative scalar toy model, that scattering amplitudes for the scalar toy model are superficially convergent for L > 1, where L is the number of loops, that the highest divergence of the 1-loop, 2-point function with nonvanishing ext ...
... • the Feynman rules for propagators and vertices for our infinite-derivative scalar toy model, that scattering amplitudes for the scalar toy model are superficially convergent for L > 1, where L is the number of loops, that the highest divergence of the 1-loop, 2-point function with nonvanishing ext ...
Beyond Effective Potential via Variational Perturbation Theory
... In addition to the operator formalism of quantum mechanics and quantum statistics, there exists another, equivalent formalism in which operators are avoided by using infinite products of integrals, called path integrals. This formalism may lead to a more transparent understanding of quantum phenomen ...
... In addition to the operator formalism of quantum mechanics and quantum statistics, there exists another, equivalent formalism in which operators are avoided by using infinite products of integrals, called path integrals. This formalism may lead to a more transparent understanding of quantum phenomen ...
arXiv:0906.1334v1 [cond-mat.supr
... The effect of an externally applied high frequency oscillating electric field on the critical nucleation field of superconductivity in the bulk as well as at the surface of a superconductor is investigated in details in this work. Starting from the linearized time dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDLG) th ...
... The effect of an externally applied high frequency oscillating electric field on the critical nucleation field of superconductivity in the bulk as well as at the surface of a superconductor is investigated in details in this work. Starting from the linearized time dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDLG) th ...
Photon trapping and transfer with solitons *
... equations. Restrict attention to the cases where ᐉ and m are integers, when the system described by Eq. 共10兲 supports analytically known eigenfunctions in the induced waveguide. We also exclude the cases where ᐉ = 0 or m = 0 because the corresponding solutions do not decay to zero at t = ⫾ ⬁. Assume ...
... equations. Restrict attention to the cases where ᐉ and m are integers, when the system described by Eq. 共10兲 supports analytically known eigenfunctions in the induced waveguide. We also exclude the cases where ᐉ = 0 or m = 0 because the corresponding solutions do not decay to zero at t = ⫾ ⬁. Assume ...
Possible large-N fixed-points and naturalness for O(N) scalar fields
... A possibility is to build a model around a non-trivial UV fixed point. But existing work (conventional -, loop and perturbative expansions, numerics in the m–λ plane) does not indicate the presence of one2 . To find one in d = 4, it helps to have an expansion parameter. We look for a scale-invarian ...
... A possibility is to build a model around a non-trivial UV fixed point. But existing work (conventional -, loop and perturbative expansions, numerics in the m–λ plane) does not indicate the presence of one2 . To find one in d = 4, it helps to have an expansion parameter. We look for a scale-invarian ...
Classical-quantum correspondence and the
... for the same system [1]. One can also attempt to rationalize the shapes of eigenstates in strongly coupled systems in terms of scarring [2] by classical periodic orbits [3]. In the work to be discussed here, we seek to establish quantitative connections between the quantum mechanical properties (lev ...
... for the same system [1]. One can also attempt to rationalize the shapes of eigenstates in strongly coupled systems in terms of scarring [2] by classical periodic orbits [3]. In the work to be discussed here, we seek to establish quantitative connections between the quantum mechanical properties (lev ...