Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... in a fast moving hockey game, watching children at play. What do these tasks have in common? They all require that the nervous system rapidly acquire, encode, transmit, decode, and act on the ever-evolving information presented to it. Indeed neuro-physiological and neuro-psychological evidence indic ...
... in a fast moving hockey game, watching children at play. What do these tasks have in common? They all require that the nervous system rapidly acquire, encode, transmit, decode, and act on the ever-evolving information presented to it. Indeed neuro-physiological and neuro-psychological evidence indic ...
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Pragmatic, Semantic
... & Extracting meaning from speech requires the use of pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic information. A central question is: Does the processing of these different types of linguistic information have common or distinct neuroanatomical substrates? We addressed this issue using functional magnetic res ...
... & Extracting meaning from speech requires the use of pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic information. A central question is: Does the processing of these different types of linguistic information have common or distinct neuroanatomical substrates? We addressed this issue using functional magnetic res ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
Central nervous System Lesions Leading to Disability
... the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. The premotor areas are responsible for identifying targets in space, for choosing a course of action, and for programming movement. These premotor areas act primarily on the motor cortex but also exert some influence on lower order brainstem and spinal ...
... the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. The premotor areas are responsible for identifying targets in space, for choosing a course of action, and for programming movement. These premotor areas act primarily on the motor cortex but also exert some influence on lower order brainstem and spinal ...
Visual Properties of Neurons in a Polysensory Area in Superior
... or contrast. These nonselective units would respond similarly to spots and slits of light, to shadows, to slides and photographs of complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of these units would even respond to a very small (< 1”) stimulus moving rapidly (>5O”/s) through a small portio ...
... or contrast. These nonselective units would respond similarly to spots and slits of light, to shadows, to slides and photographs of complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of these units would even respond to a very small (< 1”) stimulus moving rapidly (>5O”/s) through a small portio ...
Linking reward expectation to behavior in the basal ganglia
... how quickly we perceive sensory stimuli and execute appropriate motor commands [1,2]. However, as central as these influences are to both complex and simple behaviors, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. For example, despite a growing body of work identifying neural circuits that ...
... how quickly we perceive sensory stimuli and execute appropriate motor commands [1,2]. However, as central as these influences are to both complex and simple behaviors, little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. For example, despite a growing body of work identifying neural circuits that ...
Corticothalamic feedback and sensory processing
... role in egocentric selection in the visual and somatosensory systems is an open question, however, results from recent work in the visual system may support the idea of egocentric selection [17]. Although this line of thinking is certainly speculative, it represents a novel means for viewing cortic ...
... role in egocentric selection in the visual and somatosensory systems is an open question, however, results from recent work in the visual system may support the idea of egocentric selection [17]. Although this line of thinking is certainly speculative, it represents a novel means for viewing cortic ...
What We Know and Do Not Know about the Functions of the
... recorded extracellularly from a neuron in rat OFC during learning and reversal of an odor discrimination problem. One odor predicted availability of sucrose at a nearby well, whereas a second odor predicted quinine. Data are shown during and after learning (precriterion vs postcriterion) and after r ...
... recorded extracellularly from a neuron in rat OFC during learning and reversal of an odor discrimination problem. One odor predicted availability of sucrose at a nearby well, whereas a second odor predicted quinine. Data are shown during and after learning (precriterion vs postcriterion) and after r ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
View Full Page PDF
... behavioral control. Early studies emphasized its role in the short-term retention of information retrieved from cortical association areas and in the inhibition of prepotent responses. Recent studies of subhuman primates and humans have revealed the role of this area in more general aspects of behav ...
... behavioral control. Early studies emphasized its role in the short-term retention of information retrieved from cortical association areas and in the inhibition of prepotent responses. Recent studies of subhuman primates and humans have revealed the role of this area in more general aspects of behav ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... stimuli presented alone. For example, if a single good stimulus elicited a high firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at ...
... stimuli presented alone. For example, if a single good stimulus elicited a high firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at ...
Automatic Distillation of Musical Structures: Learning the Grammar of Music
... formal techniques used for mathematical languages, it was suggested that there exist formal grammars to music (Steedman, 1999). This idea is based on several similarities between music and natural language. In recent years, research has found similarities between the cognitive processes implicated i ...
... formal techniques used for mathematical languages, it was suggested that there exist formal grammars to music (Steedman, 1999). This idea is based on several similarities between music and natural language. In recent years, research has found similarities between the cognitive processes implicated i ...
Neuroscience, Fifth Edition
... the Body: The Dorsal Column–Medial Lemniscal System 198 Central Pathways Conveying Tactile Information from the Face: The Trigeminothalamic System 200 Central Pathways Conveying Proprioceptive Information from the Body 200 Central Pathways Conveying Proprioceptive Information from the Face 201 The S ...
... the Body: The Dorsal Column–Medial Lemniscal System 198 Central Pathways Conveying Tactile Information from the Face: The Trigeminothalamic System 200 Central Pathways Conveying Proprioceptive Information from the Body 200 Central Pathways Conveying Proprioceptive Information from the Face 201 The S ...
Supplementary Information (doc 2155K)
... Anatomically Defining the Ce Seed in Children The Ce seed for the pediatric functional connectivity analysis was anatomically defined using techniques similar to those previously described by our group14. Here, the location of the Ce region-of-interest (ROI) was manually prescribed by one of the aut ...
... Anatomically Defining the Ce Seed in Children The Ce seed for the pediatric functional connectivity analysis was anatomically defined using techniques similar to those previously described by our group14. Here, the location of the Ce region-of-interest (ROI) was manually prescribed by one of the aut ...
Neural networks underlying parietal lobe seizures: A
... and/or metabolic neuroimaging largely contribute to the diagnosis of PLS (Kim et al., 2004). However, in many cases and particularly when MRI is non-contributive or show large lesional areas, studies using depth electrodes are often required. These investigations offer the unique opportunity to prec ...
... and/or metabolic neuroimaging largely contribute to the diagnosis of PLS (Kim et al., 2004). However, in many cases and particularly when MRI is non-contributive or show large lesional areas, studies using depth electrodes are often required. These investigations offer the unique opportunity to prec ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
... [LO] areas).4 This latter group of structures (AIv, AIp, VLO, LO) receives direct projections from rodent piriform cortex and responds with short-latency action potentials to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb.5 From electrophysiological recordings in rodents, it is evident that these same ...
... [LO] areas).4 This latter group of structures (AIv, AIp, VLO, LO) receives direct projections from rodent piriform cortex and responds with short-latency action potentials to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb.5 From electrophysiological recordings in rodents, it is evident that these same ...
Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
Chapter 17 Intrinsic Optical Signal Imaging of Normal and Abnormal
... Neurosurgeons, however, do not just operate on anatomy, but also on physiology. The locations of the specific areas of the brain responsible for movement, sensation, vision, and language, or the site of an epileptic focus, are generally not immediately apparent to gross visual inspection or even to ...
... Neurosurgeons, however, do not just operate on anatomy, but also on physiology. The locations of the specific areas of the brain responsible for movement, sensation, vision, and language, or the site of an epileptic focus, are generally not immediately apparent to gross visual inspection or even to ...
This article was originally published in a journal published by
... nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a role in the encoding of new memories. Localized lesions and antagonist infusions demonstrate the anatomical locus of these cholinergic effects, and computational modeling links the function of cholinergic modulation to specific cellular effects within these r ...
... nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a role in the encoding of new memories. Localized lesions and antagonist infusions demonstrate the anatomical locus of these cholinergic effects, and computational modeling links the function of cholinergic modulation to specific cellular effects within these r ...
Morphomechanics: transforming tubes into organs
... actin intensity is highest on the basal side of the boundary region, suggesting that actomyosin contraction generates the constriction. The reasons for these differences between zebrafish and chicken are unclear, but Filas et al. [49] speculate that interspecies differences in early BT morphology de ...
... actin intensity is highest on the basal side of the boundary region, suggesting that actomyosin contraction generates the constriction. The reasons for these differences between zebrafish and chicken are unclear, but Filas et al. [49] speculate that interspecies differences in early BT morphology de ...
CASE 47
... The basal ganglia, located near the thalamus in the diencephalon, are composed of five pairs of nuclei: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefro ...
... The basal ganglia, located near the thalamus in the diencephalon, are composed of five pairs of nuclei: the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive synaptic input from motor cortex (as well as from sensory association and prefro ...
The columnar organization of the neocortex
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
... neocortex. Columnar defining factors in homotypical areas are generated, in part, within the cortex itself. The set of all modules composing such an entity may be fractionated into different modular subsets by different extrinsic connections. Linkages between them and subsets in other large entities ...
The Distribution of Tyrosine Hydroxylase
... species. In cynomolgus monkey (Fig. I), primary motor cortex (area 4) contained the greatest density of TH-labeled fibers. Other motor regions such as premotor cortex (area 6) were also densely innervated. Fiber density decreased in the more rostra1 prefrontal cortex. Among these regions, dorsomedia ...
... species. In cynomolgus monkey (Fig. I), primary motor cortex (area 4) contained the greatest density of TH-labeled fibers. Other motor regions such as premotor cortex (area 6) were also densely innervated. Fiber density decreased in the more rostra1 prefrontal cortex. Among these regions, dorsomedia ...
Electroencephalogram based Brain
... 300-600 ms after visual stimulus onset (hence the term P300) and is maximal is midline locations (such as Fz, Cz and Pz). The potential is limited to 8 Hz and hence a low pass filter is normally used to filter VEP prior to analysis. It is evoked in a variety of decision-making tasks and in particula ...
... 300-600 ms after visual stimulus onset (hence the term P300) and is maximal is midline locations (such as Fz, Cz and Pz). The potential is limited to 8 Hz and hence a low pass filter is normally used to filter VEP prior to analysis. It is evoked in a variety of decision-making tasks and in particula ...
22 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor System in Humans
... called “skilled” movements, have evolved to the highest levels in humans. In terms of evolutionary biology, motor skill refers to the “ability to solve a motor problem correctly, quickly, rationally and resourcefully” (Bernstein, 1996, cited in Wiesendanger, 1999). According to Wiesendanger (1999), ...
... called “skilled” movements, have evolved to the highest levels in humans. In terms of evolutionary biology, motor skill refers to the “ability to solve a motor problem correctly, quickly, rationally and resourcefully” (Bernstein, 1996, cited in Wiesendanger, 1999). According to Wiesendanger (1999), ...