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Chapter 27 Lecture notes
... and an effector cell. Synapses come in two varieties, electrical and chemical. B. At electrical synapses, action potentials travel directly from one cell to another. In humans, electrical synapses are common in the heart and digestive tract, associated with cardiac and smooth muscle cells. C. At che ...
... and an effector cell. Synapses come in two varieties, electrical and chemical. B. At electrical synapses, action potentials travel directly from one cell to another. In humans, electrical synapses are common in the heart and digestive tract, associated with cardiac and smooth muscle cells. C. At che ...
BSSCA - Ch01
... ➤ Light/shadow. The interplay of light and shadow can create the image of three dimensions, even in a two-dimensional image. ➤ Interposition. If one object blocks the view of another object, the blocking object is assumed to be closer. ➤ Texture. The farther away an object is, the less distinct its ...
... ➤ Light/shadow. The interplay of light and shadow can create the image of three dimensions, even in a two-dimensional image. ➤ Interposition. If one object blocks the view of another object, the blocking object is assumed to be closer. ➤ Texture. The farther away an object is, the less distinct its ...
Unit06
... Blood Supply to the Brain One of the most metabolically active organs in the body Makes up only 2-3% of body weight but uses about 20% of available O2 at rest Well supplied with O2 and nutrients Only nutritional source for brain metabolic activity is glucose Capillaries in the brain are muc ...
... Blood Supply to the Brain One of the most metabolically active organs in the body Makes up only 2-3% of body weight but uses about 20% of available O2 at rest Well supplied with O2 and nutrients Only nutritional source for brain metabolic activity is glucose Capillaries in the brain are muc ...
CHAPTER 7 Nervous system Notes
... - Myelin is a white, fatty substance by Schwann cells that wrap around some axons outside the CNS. - These fibers are called myelinated ...
... - Myelin is a white, fatty substance by Schwann cells that wrap around some axons outside the CNS. - These fibers are called myelinated ...
Axon Outgrowth in the Developing Cerebral
... migrate to their final destinations within the developed brain, connect with other neurons through their axons and dendrites, and integrate functionally to produce the mature nervous system. One essential aspect in this is the growth and guidance of the axon. Using a diverse range of experimental ap ...
... migrate to their final destinations within the developed brain, connect with other neurons through their axons and dendrites, and integrate functionally to produce the mature nervous system. One essential aspect in this is the growth and guidance of the axon. Using a diverse range of experimental ap ...
Brain Organizing Principles and Functions
... right side of body (sensory), or controls right side of body (motor) – Right hemisphere receives information from left side of body (sensory), or controls left side of body (motor) ...
... right side of body (sensory), or controls right side of body (motor) – Right hemisphere receives information from left side of body (sensory), or controls left side of body (motor) ...
Review 3 ____ 1. The cells that provide structural support and
... a. nervous system b. limbic system c. bloodstream 38. The master gland of the endocrine system is the a. thyroid gland b. adrenal gland c. pancreas ...
... a. nervous system b. limbic system c. bloodstream 38. The master gland of the endocrine system is the a. thyroid gland b. adrenal gland c. pancreas ...
The big picture:
... • The efferent portions are divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions • Some organs receive input from both branches of the ANS ...
... • The efferent portions are divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions • Some organs receive input from both branches of the ANS ...
Midterm 1 - studyfruit
... the brain are divided by a sagittal fissure that divides brain into left and right hemispheres (left hemisphere controls right side of body and right controls left. ) 2. The Brain Stem- stalk that sprouts the cerebellum and cerebrum ● -a nexus of fibers that relay info to and from the brain ● -also ...
... the brain are divided by a sagittal fissure that divides brain into left and right hemispheres (left hemisphere controls right side of body and right controls left. ) 2. The Brain Stem- stalk that sprouts the cerebellum and cerebrum ● -a nexus of fibers that relay info to and from the brain ● -also ...
9th Grade Biology 26 August 2013
... and absence of mental engagement can all contribute to deprivation. Another major factor known to have a negative effect on neural growth is stress. Scientists have shown consistently that animals and humans living under constant stress conditions show less neural growth and/or learning than their l ...
... and absence of mental engagement can all contribute to deprivation. Another major factor known to have a negative effect on neural growth is stress. Scientists have shown consistently that animals and humans living under constant stress conditions show less neural growth and/or learning than their l ...
Physiology Ch 58 p711-720 [4-25
... -hypothalamus is major controller of internal conditions of body, temp, osmolality, and appetite, all called vegetative functions of brain, and their control is closely related to behavior Functional Anatomy of Limbic System (Hypothalamus) – hypothalamus is in the middle of the limbic system structu ...
... -hypothalamus is major controller of internal conditions of body, temp, osmolality, and appetite, all called vegetative functions of brain, and their control is closely related to behavior Functional Anatomy of Limbic System (Hypothalamus) – hypothalamus is in the middle of the limbic system structu ...
Component process model of memory
... unshaded areas are called higher-order association or tertiary areas ...
... unshaded areas are called higher-order association or tertiary areas ...
2013 Anatomy -Training Handout
... following it into all its crevices (sulci) and spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid, which buffers, nourishes, and detoxifies the brain and spinal cord, flows through the subarachnoid space, between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater ...
... following it into all its crevices (sulci) and spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid, which buffers, nourishes, and detoxifies the brain and spinal cord, flows through the subarachnoid space, between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater ...
Intro-ANN - Computer Science
... Neural Networks Computational model inspired by the brain Brain ...
... Neural Networks Computational model inspired by the brain Brain ...
Consciousness and Creativity in Brain
... • Conscious in what sense? C-like cognitive behavior, in the sense of being aware - yes, robots should have it. • Phenomenal consciousness with inner life, self, unreliable processes? Is this desired in machines? • How reliable may machines with phenomenal C be? • First, can we build them? How to bu ...
... • Conscious in what sense? C-like cognitive behavior, in the sense of being aware - yes, robots should have it. • Phenomenal consciousness with inner life, self, unreliable processes? Is this desired in machines? • How reliable may machines with phenomenal C be? • First, can we build them? How to bu ...
Keshara Senanayake Towle Notes Chapter 50 "Nervous System
... -Balance is maintained with the help of mechanoreceptors in the 3 semicircular canals of the inner ear. These canals are filled with fluid, and their interiors are lined with hair cells that have tiny particles of CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) on the top of them >as head moves the hair cells are bent by ...
... -Balance is maintained with the help of mechanoreceptors in the 3 semicircular canals of the inner ear. These canals are filled with fluid, and their interiors are lined with hair cells that have tiny particles of CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) on the top of them >as head moves the hair cells are bent by ...
Temporal Aspects of Visual Extinction
... Sensorimotor Cortex Areas (2) Primary Motor Cortex 30% of motor fibers 2% from Betz Cells which are large to support long axons Corticospinal tract – (superior 2/3) Voluntary Movements of muscles controlled via spinal nerves. Corticobulbar tract – (inferior 1/3) Facial and Associated Musc ...
... Sensorimotor Cortex Areas (2) Primary Motor Cortex 30% of motor fibers 2% from Betz Cells which are large to support long axons Corticospinal tract – (superior 2/3) Voluntary Movements of muscles controlled via spinal nerves. Corticobulbar tract – (inferior 1/3) Facial and Associated Musc ...
Nervous System Overview
... – Consist of the rest of the nervous system. – 31 Spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves are bundled extend of both the brain and spinal cord. – ganglion = groups of cell bodies in a nerve that are located outside the (CNS) ...
... – Consist of the rest of the nervous system. – 31 Spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves are bundled extend of both the brain and spinal cord. – ganglion = groups of cell bodies in a nerve that are located outside the (CNS) ...
Addiction - Biological, Not Sociological
... frequency differences between abusers and nonabusers. They are implicated with many functions, including adhesion which may be involved in establishing and maintaining neuronal connections of significance to addiction’s “memory” function. ...
... frequency differences between abusers and nonabusers. They are implicated with many functions, including adhesion which may be involved in establishing and maintaining neuronal connections of significance to addiction’s “memory” function. ...
Human brain
The human brain is the main organ of the human nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but with a more developed cerebral cortex. Large animals such as whales and elephants have larger brains in absolute terms, but when measured using a measure of relative brain size, which compensates for body size, the quotient for the human brain is almost twice as large as that of a bottlenose dolphin, and three times as large as that of a chimpanzee. Much of the size of the human brain comes from the cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, which are associated with executive functions such as self-control, planning, reasoning, and abstract thought. The area of the cerebral cortex devoted to vision, the visual cortex, is also greatly enlarged in humans compared to other animals.The human cerebral cortex is a thick layer of neural tissue that covers most of the brain. This layer is folded in a way that increases the amount of surface that can fit into the volume available. The pattern of folds is similar across individuals, although there are many small variations. The cortex is divided into four lobes – the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe. (Some classification systems also include a limbic lobe and treat the insular cortex as a lobe.) Within each lobe are numerous cortical areas, each associated with a particular function, including vision, motor control, and language. The left and right sides of the cortex are broadly similar in shape, and most cortical areas are replicated on both sides. Some areas, though, show strong lateralization, particularly areas that are involved in language. In most people, the left hemisphere is dominant for language, with the right hemisphere playing only a minor role. There are other functions, such as visual-spatial ability, for which the right hemisphere is usually dominant.Despite being protected by the thick bones of the skull, suspended in cerebrospinal fluid, and isolated from the bloodstream by the blood–brain barrier, the human brain is susceptible to damage and disease. The most common forms of physical damage are closed head injuries such as a blow to the head, a stroke, or poisoning by a variety of chemicals which can act as neurotoxins, such as ethanol alcohol. Infection of the brain, though serious, is rare because of the biological barriers which protect it. The human brain is also susceptible to degenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, (mostly as the result of aging) and multiple sclerosis. A number of psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia and clinical depression, are thought to be associated with brain dysfunctions, although the nature of these is not well understood. The brain can also be the site of brain tumors and these can be benign or malignant.There are some techniques for studying the brain that are used in other animals that are just not suitable for use in humans and vice versa. It is easier to obtain individual brain cells taken from other animals, for study. It is also possible to use invasive techniques in other animals such as inserting electrodes into the brain or disabling certains parts of the brain in order to examine the effects on behaviour – techniques that are not possible to be used in humans. However, only humans can respond to complex verbal instructions or be of use in the study of important brain functions such as language and other complex cognitive tasks, but studies from humans and from other animals, can be of mutual help. Medical imaging technologies such as functional neuroimaging and EEG recordings are important techniques in studying the brain. The complete functional understanding of the human brain is an ongoing challenge for neuroscience.