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Task-induced brain activity in aphasic stroke
Task-induced brain activity in aphasic stroke

... It is claimed that one-third of all stroke patients have an aphasic deficit as part of their presenting symptoms (Laska et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2004; Lazar et al., 2008). Although half of these patients recover much or all of their language function, the remainder are left with a persisting a ...
Genetic basis of human brain evolution
Genetic basis of human brain evolution

... also associated with speech processing [33] and exhibits an accelerated rate of non-synonymous substitutions in the human lineage, although there was insufficient statistical power to demonstrate the action of positive selection [34]. Finally, it has recently been suggested that the primary microcep ...
What Neuroimaging and Brain Localization Can
What Neuroimaging and Brain Localization Can

Engines of the brain
Engines of the brain

... sole measures at that time were empirical observations of behavior, even though such behaviors may be fitted by multiple different hypotheses and simulated by many different proposed architectures. Now, however, there is a large and growing body of knowledge about the actual machinery that solely co ...
BRAINSTEM
BRAINSTEM

... Thalamus: ...
ppt - BIAC – Duke
ppt - BIAC – Duke

... In this period of intense research in the neurosciences, nothing is more promising than functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) methods, which localize brain activities. These functional imaging methodologies map neurophysiological responses to cognitive, ...
Full Text of this Article - Introduction | Cerebral Cortex | Oxford
Full Text of this Article - Introduction | Cerebral Cortex | Oxford

... secondly, that the cortex consists of a large number of units much smaller than cytoarchitectural areas. The concepts of laminar organization and the division of the cortex into ‘cortical organs’ defined by cytoarchitectural differences were dominant. The idea was then widely held, and still is by s ...
Exam 1
Exam 1

... Thalamus: ...
So it is the number of action potentials per second
So it is the number of action potentials per second

... EPSP: when the voltage is brought closer to the threshold IPSP: when voltage is made more negative and thus farther from the threshold. ...
Module 3 Brain`s Building Blocks
Module 3 Brain`s Building Blocks

... – chains of chemicals that are arranged like rungs on a twisting ladder – there are about 100,000 genes that contain chemical instructions that equal about 1,000,000 pages of written instructions – genes program the development of individual parts into a complex brain & body ...
Brain Day Volunteer Instructor Guide
Brain Day Volunteer Instructor Guide

... a. Look at the image for 1 minute. When the image is removed, what do you see? This is the Opponent Processing Theory of Colour Vision. Every colour has an opposite colour. Afterimages are seen because neurons become adapted to the colour you are staring at. If you look at the image too long, the ne ...
Building the realities of working memory and neural functioning into
Building the realities of working memory and neural functioning into

... Through the limited capacity of working memory, the brain is designed to forget most of the data that comes through the senses. The brain does allow us to remember information that we practise and rehearse. But mere consolidation of knowledge in long-term memory does not guarantee that it will be ab ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... they get an extra dose of dopamine from the L-dopa, symptoms of schizophrenia appear. These may include hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia; these symptoms disappear when administration of L-dopa is stopped (Bloom, Lazerson, & Hofstadter, 1985). A newer and still experimental treatment is to inj ...
Learning, Memory, Amnesia, and Brain
Learning, Memory, Amnesia, and Brain

... • Research in the role of the hippocampus in episodic memory shows damage impairs abilities on two types of tasks: • Delayed matching-to-sample tasks – a subject sees an object and must later choose the object that matches. • Delayed non-matching-to-sample tasks– subject sees an object and must late ...
Researchers find that neurons in the primary visual cortex listen to
Researchers find that neurons in the primary visual cortex listen to

... neurons in the primary visual cortex of mice listen begs the question of why have so many to just a small subset of the huge number of connections if most of them are going to be mostly synaptic inputs vying for attention. In their paper ignored. The researchers do not know yet, but published in the ...
lateral horns of gray matter
lateral horns of gray matter

... surface of the cerebrum (cingulate gyrus and hippocampus) Have primary connections with other parts of the brain, such as the thalamus, fornix, septal nuclei, amygdaloid nucleus, and hypothalamus ...
Bio 103 Lecture Outline:
Bio 103 Lecture Outline:

... - adrenergic synapses - released at most SNS post-ganglionic fibers Dopamine Serotonin - not enough may cause depression - SSRI ...
Bio 103 Lecture Outline:
Bio 103 Lecture Outline:

... - adrenergic synapses - released at most SNS post-ganglionic fibers Dopamine Serotonin - not enough may cause depression - SSRI ...
Nervous System
Nervous System

... • Composed of nerve cells called neurons, which are specialized to carry nerve impulses. • Nervous system has two major divisions: (the division is arbitrary; the two systems work together and are connected to one another). The two systems are: 1. Central Nervous System: (CNS) - includes spinal cord ...
Document
Document

... affects all body systems (including brain) changes begin around 30 reduction in brain size and weight (cortex) reduction in # of neurons (cortex) decreased blood flow to brain (arteriosclerosis) changes in synaptic organization (fewer) cellular changes accumulations inside the cells (tangles) accumu ...
Seizures
Seizures

... What type of seizure control the person has achieved If the person has a specific warning or aura What is involved in the recovery period If the person has ever been injured as a result If the person has any other disabilities The type of medication and compliance ...
Brain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition
Brain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition

... (from Fuster, 1995). Top right: associating representations. Bottom right: metaplasticity, after Bienenstock et al. (1982)7}. ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REVIEW QUESTIONS:
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REVIEW QUESTIONS:

... Nicotinic cholinergic receptors – activation directly gates Na+ channel. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors – 2nd messenger system, either excitatory or inhibitory responses. ...
Emotion, Memory and the Brain - sdsu
Emotion, Memory and the Brain - sdsu

... to ensure that the animals have not already developed strong emotional reactions to them. So researchers are clearly observing learning and memory at work. At the same time, such cues do not require complicated cognitive processing from the brain. Consequently, the stimuli permit us to study emotion ...
Using chaotic artificial neural networks to model memory in the brain
Using chaotic artificial neural networks to model memory in the brain

... There is growing evidence that future research on neural systems and higher brain functions will require a combination of classic neuroscience and the more recent nonlinear dynamics. The neuronal system composed of neurons and gliocytes is often sensitive to external forcing and internal shift in fu ...
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Aging brain

Age is a major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative diseases, including Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease and Lou Gehrig's disease. While much research has focused on diseases of aging, there are few informative studies on the molecular biology of the aging brain (usually spelled ageing brain in British English) in the absence of neurodegenerative disease or the neuropsychological profile of healthy older adults. However, research does suggest that the aging process is associated with several structural, chemical, and functional changes in the brain as well as a host of neurocognitive changes. Recent reports in model organisms suggest that as organisms age, there are distinct changes in the expression of genes at the single neuron level. This page is devoted to reviewing the changes associated with healthy aging.
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