Hardy-weinberg equilibrium
... Genotype frequencies stay the same over time as long as FIVE conditions are met: ...
... Genotype frequencies stay the same over time as long as FIVE conditions are met: ...
Genetic Drift
... Attributed to population bottleneck in Middle Ages Population was dramatically reduced at this time Individuals who remained alive & reproduced just happened to be ones who carried Tay-Sachs ...
... Attributed to population bottleneck in Middle Ages Population was dramatically reduced at this time Individuals who remained alive & reproduced just happened to be ones who carried Tay-Sachs ...
Evolution
... Allopatric - Part of a population is separated from the original population and geographically isolated from it leading to reproductive isolation. Variations occur due to genetic drift and mutations with each population Synpatric – Groups within a population become reproductively isolation from each ...
... Allopatric - Part of a population is separated from the original population and geographically isolated from it leading to reproductive isolation. Variations occur due to genetic drift and mutations with each population Synpatric – Groups within a population become reproductively isolation from each ...
Parental Investment and Sexual Selection
... • William Hamilton (bees) • Not about helping the individual but about helping the gene • Hamilton’s Rule: C
... • William Hamilton (bees) • Not about helping the individual but about helping the gene • Hamilton’s Rule: C
What can affect the effective population size? Genetic bottlenecks
... b) Male elephant seals have a harem & therefore the effective population size is lower than n c) Decreased fitness of homozygotes with the sickle cell allele d) The view of Mendelian geneticists on the great wrinkled pea debate of 2003 6) Write two questions you have on the paper ...
... b) Male elephant seals have a harem & therefore the effective population size is lower than n c) Decreased fitness of homozygotes with the sickle cell allele d) The view of Mendelian geneticists on the great wrinkled pea debate of 2003 6) Write two questions you have on the paper ...
EXAM 1
... -life forms increase their energy levels by thermodynamically improbable transformations ...
... -life forms increase their energy levels by thermodynamically improbable transformations ...
reproductively separated
... • Individuals survive and reproduce • Advantageous allele passed on • Repeats over generations • Allele becomes more common in the gene pool= change in allele frequency ...
... • Individuals survive and reproduce • Advantageous allele passed on • Repeats over generations • Allele becomes more common in the gene pool= change in allele frequency ...
Mechanisms for Evolution
... • Each population has a relative frequency of each allele, or the number of times the allele occurs in the gene pool. • The frequency of alleles in a population tends not to change unless there is an outside force causing the change ...
... • Each population has a relative frequency of each allele, or the number of times the allele occurs in the gene pool. • The frequency of alleles in a population tends not to change unless there is an outside force causing the change ...
Chp 17-Evolution of Populations
... ● What is responsible for the evolution of TB strains that are resistant to multiple drugs? ● How does the misuse of antibiotics affect the evolution of disease-causing bacteria? Use the theory of natural selection to explain the growing resistance to antibiotics. ● Why should we care about a resist ...
... ● What is responsible for the evolution of TB strains that are resistant to multiple drugs? ● How does the misuse of antibiotics affect the evolution of disease-causing bacteria? Use the theory of natural selection to explain the growing resistance to antibiotics. ● Why should we care about a resist ...
The nature of selection during plant domestication
... -Perhaps the evolution of tolerance to lactose in adults from populations that have traditionally kept animals for dairy purposes (just a guess) 2. Do you think artificial selection changes during a species domestication? Perhaps changes in planting or harvesting techniques may unconsciously change ...
... -Perhaps the evolution of tolerance to lactose in adults from populations that have traditionally kept animals for dairy purposes (just a guess) 2. Do you think artificial selection changes during a species domestication? Perhaps changes in planting or harvesting techniques may unconsciously change ...
Mechanisms of Evolution
... A number of individuals with one allele migrate from the population C. One allele results in a phenotype that better enables organisms to reproduce ...
... A number of individuals with one allele migrate from the population C. One allele results in a phenotype that better enables organisms to reproduce ...
Microevolution notes
... Microevolution: evolution on the smallest scale – generation to generation change in the frequencies of alleles in a population Gene Pool: consists of all the genes that are present in a population Relative Frequency: The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of ti ...
... Microevolution: evolution on the smallest scale – generation to generation change in the frequencies of alleles in a population Gene Pool: consists of all the genes that are present in a population Relative Frequency: The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of ti ...
Inheritable Variation
... the mutated allele will produce more offspring. After a few generations, relative frequency of the allele will increase. ...
... the mutated allele will produce more offspring. After a few generations, relative frequency of the allele will increase. ...
Natural Selection and Evolution notes print version
... 2 – Because there aren’t enough resources for all to survive and reproduce, there will be competition between individuals for resources and mates. (COMPETITION) 3 – There is Genetic Variation among individuals in a species. Some of these genetic differences will help (or hurt) their owners as they c ...
... 2 – Because there aren’t enough resources for all to survive and reproduce, there will be competition between individuals for resources and mates. (COMPETITION) 3 – There is Genetic Variation among individuals in a species. Some of these genetic differences will help (or hurt) their owners as they c ...
Introduction to History of Life Biological evolution
... due to differences in one or more characteristics. • In most cases, environmental circumstances affect which variant has the higher fitness. • A common consequence of natural selection is adaptation, an improvement in the average ability of the population's members to survive and reproduce in their ...
... due to differences in one or more characteristics. • In most cases, environmental circumstances affect which variant has the higher fitness. • A common consequence of natural selection is adaptation, an improvement in the average ability of the population's members to survive and reproduce in their ...
Two Problems in High-Dimensional Statistics: A Specific One on the Analysis of Gene Function, and a General One on Ranking and Selection
... I will investigate two inference problems. The data structure in the first case is a list of genes identified by some genome-wide assay, and the problem is to characterize the functional content of the list using known functional properties of all genes. By modeling the gene-list in terms of latent ...
... I will investigate two inference problems. The data structure in the first case is a list of genes identified by some genome-wide assay, and the problem is to characterize the functional content of the list using known functional properties of all genes. By modeling the gene-list in terms of latent ...
Tom Cameron`s presentation
... inheritable genes that increase an individuals ability to survive. • Characteristics of the surviving individuals are concentrated in future generations causing changes in phenotype • Selection can be natural, sexual or ...
... inheritable genes that increase an individuals ability to survive. • Characteristics of the surviving individuals are concentrated in future generations causing changes in phenotype • Selection can be natural, sexual or ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... The length of time required for half the _____________________of radioactive substance to undergo decay… the half life is a _________________for any given isotope The time it takes for exactly ________of a parent isotope to decay into a daughter isotope The Modern Synthesis The knowledge and underst ...
... The length of time required for half the _____________________of radioactive substance to undergo decay… the half life is a _________________for any given isotope The time it takes for exactly ________of a parent isotope to decay into a daughter isotope The Modern Synthesis The knowledge and underst ...
Slides Lec08 - the ant life
... • Homologous vs. analogous structures • Coevolution • Convergent evolution • Parallel evolution • Divergent evolution ...
... • Homologous vs. analogous structures • Coevolution • Convergent evolution • Parallel evolution • Divergent evolution ...
Natural Selection results in increase in one (or more) genotypes
... Protein polymorphism in Drosophila natural populations is about 42%. Extend this to all genes, then there are about 3000 polymorphic loci. This amount can not be maintained by balanced polymorphisms. Segregational Load Most individuals would be less than optimally fit at many loci, greatly reducing ...
... Protein polymorphism in Drosophila natural populations is about 42%. Extend this to all genes, then there are about 3000 polymorphic loci. This amount can not be maintained by balanced polymorphisms. Segregational Load Most individuals would be less than optimally fit at many loci, greatly reducing ...
Vocabulary Worksheet
... natural selection-mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals ...
... natural selection-mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals ...
Unit 5 Objective/Vocab Sheet
... states that some of the organelles in today's eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes structure that is similar in unrelated organisms because it evolved to do the same job, not because it was inherited from a common ancestor process in which organisms evolve traits useful to humans because ...
... states that some of the organelles in today's eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes structure that is similar in unrelated organisms because it evolved to do the same job, not because it was inherited from a common ancestor process in which organisms evolve traits useful to humans because ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.