DRAFT Data sheets on Quarantine Pests
... develops from one or several secondary germ tubes and, dependent on temperature and light conditions, conidiophores and conidia are generated. When sporulation starts, powdery mildew infection gets visible to the naked eye. 15-23°C are favourable to sporulation. The fungus produces large numbers of ...
... develops from one or several secondary germ tubes and, dependent on temperature and light conditions, conidiophores and conidia are generated. When sporulation starts, powdery mildew infection gets visible to the naked eye. 15-23°C are favourable to sporulation. The fungus produces large numbers of ...
major histocompatibility alleles associated with local
... at the surface of all cells. They serve to present foreign peptides from intracellular pathogens (virus or intracellular protists) to circulating cytotoxic Th81 lymphocytes and thereby initiate immune clearance (Janeway et al. 1999). Malaria parasites are found in hosts as gametocytes or sporozoites ...
... at the surface of all cells. They serve to present foreign peptides from intracellular pathogens (virus or intracellular protists) to circulating cytotoxic Th81 lymphocytes and thereby initiate immune clearance (Janeway et al. 1999). Malaria parasites are found in hosts as gametocytes or sporozoites ...
FACIAL HERPES
... progress in different ways. Some people only have very mild symptoms or none at all but others can experience considerable discomfort. Sores can develop inside the mouth as well as outside it and this is commonly called gingivostomatitis. Initially, this can take the form of painful sores affecting ...
... progress in different ways. Some people only have very mild symptoms or none at all but others can experience considerable discomfort. Sores can develop inside the mouth as well as outside it and this is commonly called gingivostomatitis. Initially, this can take the form of painful sores affecting ...
Linking environmental nutrient enrichment and disease
... d istrib u tio n o f infectious diseases in n atu re (C oyner et al. 2003, R ejm ankova et al. 2006, Jo h n so n et al. 2007, Voss a n d R ichard so n 2007). P o stu lated m echanism s fo r these linkages include changes in h o st a b u n d an ce a n d distri b u tio n , shifts in p ath o g en viru ...
... d istrib u tio n o f infectious diseases in n atu re (C oyner et al. 2003, R ejm ankova et al. 2006, Jo h n so n et al. 2007, Voss a n d R ichard so n 2007). P o stu lated m echanism s fo r these linkages include changes in h o st a b u n d an ce a n d distri b u tio n , shifts in p ath o g en viru ...
Pea Early Browning Virus - Plant Biosecurity Toolbox
... and Moroccan isolates of PEBV differ slightly from those of the Dutch and British strains in their reactions on indicator plants (Gerhardson B, Ryden K, 1979, Lockhart BEL, Fischer HU, 1976). A third strain group, known as the broad bean yellow band serotype was originally thought to be a distinct s ...
... and Moroccan isolates of PEBV differ slightly from those of the Dutch and British strains in their reactions on indicator plants (Gerhardson B, Ryden K, 1979, Lockhart BEL, Fischer HU, 1976). A third strain group, known as the broad bean yellow band serotype was originally thought to be a distinct s ...
View/Open - Kenyatta University Institutional Repository
... human disease vectors including mosquitoes and sandflies, no studies have been carried out in Mrima hill to establish the prevalence of these important vectors. The main aim of the present study was to determine mosquitoes and sand flies species diversity as well as vector infection rates in order t ...
... human disease vectors including mosquitoes and sandflies, no studies have been carried out in Mrima hill to establish the prevalence of these important vectors. The main aim of the present study was to determine mosquitoes and sand flies species diversity as well as vector infection rates in order t ...
norovirus: the stomach bug
... pain, vomiting, and diarrhea that usually lasts 1-3 days in adults. In children, the elderly, or people with compromised immune systems due to chronic conditions such as HIV, or from chemotherapy, norovirus infection can be devastating and symptoms can last as long as 4-6 days. ...
... pain, vomiting, and diarrhea that usually lasts 1-3 days in adults. In children, the elderly, or people with compromised immune systems due to chronic conditions such as HIV, or from chemotherapy, norovirus infection can be devastating and symptoms can last as long as 4-6 days. ...
Information on Arboviral Encephalitides
... the preferred method to achieve maximum results over a wide area is aerial spraying. In many states aerial spraying may be available in certain locations as a means to control nuisance mosquitoes. Such resources can be redirected to areas of virus activity. When aerial spraying is not routinely used ...
... the preferred method to achieve maximum results over a wide area is aerial spraying. In many states aerial spraying may be available in certain locations as a means to control nuisance mosquitoes. Such resources can be redirected to areas of virus activity. When aerial spraying is not routinely used ...
Xenodiagnosis of Leishmania donovani in BALB/c mice using
... poor rural and suburban populations in Asia, Africa and Latin America. An estimated 390,000 VL cases occur annually, over 90% of which are concentrated in the Indian sub-continent, East Africa and Brazil [1]. Epidemiology of two causative agents of the disease, L. donovani and L. infantum, significa ...
... poor rural and suburban populations in Asia, Africa and Latin America. An estimated 390,000 VL cases occur annually, over 90% of which are concentrated in the Indian sub-continent, East Africa and Brazil [1]. Epidemiology of two causative agents of the disease, L. donovani and L. infantum, significa ...
Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Update and Literature Review
... develop and multiply in mammalian mononuclear phagocytes to cause asymptomatic self-resolving infection, or one of three types of leishmaniasis (1, 7, 19). 3.5. Incubation Period Incubation period after vector transmission ranges typically from six weeks to six months (two to six months) but may hav ...
... develop and multiply in mammalian mononuclear phagocytes to cause asymptomatic self-resolving infection, or one of three types of leishmaniasis (1, 7, 19). 3.5. Incubation Period Incubation period after vector transmission ranges typically from six weeks to six months (two to six months) but may hav ...
Tài liệu PDF
... The cells of protists are among the most elaborate of all cells. Most protists are microscopic and unicellular, but some true multicellular forms exist. A few protists live as colonies that behave in some ways as a group of free-living cells and in other ways as a multicellular organism. Still other ...
... The cells of protists are among the most elaborate of all cells. Most protists are microscopic and unicellular, but some true multicellular forms exist. A few protists live as colonies that behave in some ways as a group of free-living cells and in other ways as a multicellular organism. Still other ...
Chlamydia trachomatis
... most infections are asymptomatic or mild persistent cough and malaise cannot be differentiated from other atypical pneumonias Is there a role of C. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis ? ...
... most infections are asymptomatic or mild persistent cough and malaise cannot be differentiated from other atypical pneumonias Is there a role of C. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis ? ...
Malaria endemicity and co-infection with tissue-dwelling parasites in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review
... STHs and protozoans have complicated life cycles that involve a tissue migration phase where larvae obligately migrate through host vital organs causing tissue damage and myositis [58–61]. The tissue migrating larvae (ML) or protozoa trigger induction of immunomodulation [62] through the release of ...
... STHs and protozoans have complicated life cycles that involve a tissue migration phase where larvae obligately migrate through host vital organs causing tissue damage and myositis [58–61]. The tissue migrating larvae (ML) or protozoa trigger induction of immunomodulation [62] through the release of ...
Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases
... diagnostic criterion Dark-field microscopy testing for T. pallidum is not reliable for oral/rectal lesions, as non-pathogenic treponemas may be present. Instead, direct fluorescent antibody test for T. pallidum should be used on such specimens ...
... diagnostic criterion Dark-field microscopy testing for T. pallidum is not reliable for oral/rectal lesions, as non-pathogenic treponemas may be present. Instead, direct fluorescent antibody test for T. pallidum should be used on such specimens ...
- Wiley Online Library
... previous 5 years) showed an even greater increase, of 8.1%. The journal’s immediacy index increased by over 25% for 2012. This measures citations in 2012 of papers published in 2012 (rather than in the previous 2 years), and so indicates that CMI is publishing highly topical material that is being c ...
... previous 5 years) showed an even greater increase, of 8.1%. The journal’s immediacy index increased by over 25% for 2012. This measures citations in 2012 of papers published in 2012 (rather than in the previous 2 years), and so indicates that CMI is publishing highly topical material that is being c ...
Clinical signs and pathologic lesions of highly pathogenic avian
... head, eyelids, comb, wattles and hocks, diarrhea, bloodtinged discharge from nostrils, incoordination, including loss of ability to walk and stand, pin-point hemorrhages (most easily seen on the feet and shanks), respiratory distress and increased death in a flock. The clinical signs of avian influe ...
... head, eyelids, comb, wattles and hocks, diarrhea, bloodtinged discharge from nostrils, incoordination, including loss of ability to walk and stand, pin-point hemorrhages (most easily seen on the feet and shanks), respiratory distress and increased death in a flock. The clinical signs of avian influe ...
Type A viral hepatitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and
... Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis A are uncommon. Urticarial rash and acute arthritis, such as may occur with acute hepatitis B, are not found in acute hepatitis A. Concomitant meningoencephalitis has been reported in several cases, possibly reflecting the fact that HAV is a picornavirus and ...
... Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis A are uncommon. Urticarial rash and acute arthritis, such as may occur with acute hepatitis B, are not found in acute hepatitis A. Concomitant meningoencephalitis has been reported in several cases, possibly reflecting the fact that HAV is a picornavirus and ...
Influenza - WordPress.com
... and may then cause devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics. • The type A viruses are the most virulent human pathogens among the three influenza types and cause the most severe disease. The influenza A virus can be subdivided into different serotypes based ...
... and may then cause devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics. • The type A viruses are the most virulent human pathogens among the three influenza types and cause the most severe disease. The influenza A virus can be subdivided into different serotypes based ...
2013 European Guideline on the management of proctitis
... purposes becomes increasingly important.18 Material for culture for N. gonorrhoeae should be obtained either by the passage of a swab through the anal canal into the distal rectum or under direct vision via an proctoscope19 (level III, grade C). Direct microscopy of slides of rectal swabs by Gram st ...
... purposes becomes increasingly important.18 Material for culture for N. gonorrhoeae should be obtained either by the passage of a swab through the anal canal into the distal rectum or under direct vision via an proctoscope19 (level III, grade C). Direct microscopy of slides of rectal swabs by Gram st ...
Sarcocystis
Sarcocystis is a genus of protozoa. Species in this genus are parasites, the majority infecting mammals, and some infecting reptiles and birds.The life-cycle of a typical member of this genus involves two host species, a definitive host and an intermediate host. Often the definitive host is a predator and the intermediate host is its prey. The parasite reproduces sexually in the gut of the definitive host, is passed with the feces and ingested by the intermediate host. There it eventually enters muscle tissue. When the intermediate host is eaten by the definitive host, the cycle is completed. The definitive host usually does not show any symptoms of infection, but the intermediate host does.There are about 130 recognised species in this genus. Revision of the taxonomy of the genus is ongoing, and it is possible that all the currently recognised species may in fact be a much smaller number of species that can infect multiple hosts.The name Sarcocystis is dervived from Greek: sarx = flesh and kystis = bladder.