Guideline for infection control in health care personnel, 1998
... The prevention strategies addressed in this document include immunizations for vaccine-preventable diseases, isolation precautions to prevent exposures to infectious agents, management of health care personnel exposure to infected persons, including postexposure prophylaxis, and work restrictions fo ...
... The prevention strategies addressed in this document include immunizations for vaccine-preventable diseases, isolation precautions to prevent exposures to infectious agents, management of health care personnel exposure to infected persons, including postexposure prophylaxis, and work restrictions fo ...
Hepatitis A Vaccine Recommendations
... groups within developed countries, including the United States before this decade.10–12 Historically, hepatitis A disease incidence has been cyclic in nature. In developed countries with temperate climates, incidence has commonly peaked every 10 to 15 years. Dramatic decreases in hepatitis A virus i ...
... groups within developed countries, including the United States before this decade.10–12 Historically, hepatitis A disease incidence has been cyclic in nature. In developed countries with temperate climates, incidence has commonly peaked every 10 to 15 years. Dramatic decreases in hepatitis A virus i ...
SARS in Singapore – Key Lessons from an Epidemic
... The rapid containment of the Singapore severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 involved the introduction of several stringent control measures. These measures had a profound impact on the healthcare system and community, and were associated with significant disruptions to normal li ...
... The rapid containment of the Singapore severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 involved the introduction of several stringent control measures. These measures had a profound impact on the healthcare system and community, and were associated with significant disruptions to normal li ...
Ribavirin - WHO archives - World Health Organization
... The safety of oral ribavirin has been examined in approximately 5000-10 000 patients with VHFs in controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials. Ribavirin was generally well tolerated (20). Description of adverse effects/reactions Intravenous ribavirin Haemolytic anaemia has been the most frequently r ...
... The safety of oral ribavirin has been examined in approximately 5000-10 000 patients with VHFs in controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials. Ribavirin was generally well tolerated (20). Description of adverse effects/reactions Intravenous ribavirin Haemolytic anaemia has been the most frequently r ...
4.16 Rabies and other lyssaviruses
... rabies was known to occur in other areas of Indonesia. 13 In some parts of the world, bats are important reservoirs of classical rabies as well as other lyssaviruses, with bat lyssaviruses found in areas that are considered free from terrestrial rabies. ABLV was first reported in bats in 1996; since ...
... rabies was known to occur in other areas of Indonesia. 13 In some parts of the world, bats are important reservoirs of classical rabies as well as other lyssaviruses, with bat lyssaviruses found in areas that are considered free from terrestrial rabies. ABLV was first reported in bats in 1996; since ...
Pathogenesis and Pathology of Bovine Pneumonia
... pathogens at best and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been recognized as a major pathogenic partner in BRD.8 A pathogenic role for bovine respiratory coronavirus has been postulated, but if such a role exists, it is still under investigation.9 BHV-1, PI-3, BRSV, and BVDV can cause some degree ...
... pathogens at best and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been recognized as a major pathogenic partner in BRD.8 A pathogenic role for bovine respiratory coronavirus has been postulated, but if such a role exists, it is still under investigation.9 BHV-1, PI-3, BRSV, and BVDV can cause some degree ...
ASEAN STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
... Seed/bulk/final container samples should be tested as follows: At least 20 susceptible ducks of the minimum age for which the vaccine is intended, are each inoculated with 1 dose of the vaccine by the recommended route. At least 2 weeks post-vaccination, the vaccinates together with 10 unvaccinated ...
... Seed/bulk/final container samples should be tested as follows: At least 20 susceptible ducks of the minimum age for which the vaccine is intended, are each inoculated with 1 dose of the vaccine by the recommended route. At least 2 weeks post-vaccination, the vaccinates together with 10 unvaccinated ...
Case Definitions for Communicable Diseases under National
... Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease Venereal disease research laboratory (slide test) Viral hemorrhagic fever Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Varicella-zoster virus World Health Organization West Nile virus asymptomatic infection West Nile virus non-neurological syndrome West Nile virus neurologi ...
... Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease Venereal disease research laboratory (slide test) Viral hemorrhagic fever Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Varicella-zoster virus World Health Organization West Nile virus asymptomatic infection West Nile virus non-neurological syndrome West Nile virus neurologi ...
laboratory animal models for experimental cryptosporidiosis
... (UPTON & CURRE T, 1985) and later confirmed by ultrastructural studies (UNI et al., 1987). C muris was infectious for other hosts, including guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, and cats (lSEKI et al., 1989). Mice and cats were found to be highly susceptible, whereas guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs showed low ...
... (UPTON & CURRE T, 1985) and later confirmed by ultrastructural studies (UNI et al., 1987). C muris was infectious for other hosts, including guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, and cats (lSEKI et al., 1989). Mice and cats were found to be highly susceptible, whereas guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs showed low ...
Questions and Answers about Rabies
... A: If you are bitten by a bat -- or if infectious material (such as saliva) from a bat gets into your eyes, nose, mouth, or a wound -- wash the affected area thoroughly and get medical attention immediately. Whenever possible, the bat should be captured and sent to a laboratory for rabies testing. P ...
... A: If you are bitten by a bat -- or if infectious material (such as saliva) from a bat gets into your eyes, nose, mouth, or a wound -- wash the affected area thoroughly and get medical attention immediately. Whenever possible, the bat should be captured and sent to a laboratory for rabies testing. P ...
The Measles Epidemic of 1714-1715 in New France
... population density of North America, frequent conflicts and continual contact with trading partners probably led to a greater number of contact patterns through which a virus could be transmitted more efficiently than before. Epidemics began to appear with greater frequency and severity throughout t ...
... population density of North America, frequent conflicts and continual contact with trading partners probably led to a greater number of contact patterns through which a virus could be transmitted more efficiently than before. Epidemics began to appear with greater frequency and severity throughout t ...
supplement
... children can break the transmission of RSV. For infants, immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab (Synagis) is available. Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds with a protein on the surface of the virus, effectively neutralizing it. The drug, however, does not elicit any immune respons ...
... children can break the transmission of RSV. For infants, immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab (Synagis) is available. Palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds with a protein on the surface of the virus, effectively neutralizing it. The drug, however, does not elicit any immune respons ...
Recommended minimum exclusion periods for infectious conditions
... Contacts that live in the same house as the case and have received less than three doses of pertussis vaccine are to be excluded from the centre until they have had 5 days of an appropriate course of antibiotics. If antibiotics have not been taken, these contacts must be excluded for 21 days after t ...
... Contacts that live in the same house as the case and have received less than three doses of pertussis vaccine are to be excluded from the centre until they have had 5 days of an appropriate course of antibiotics. If antibiotics have not been taken, these contacts must be excluded for 21 days after t ...
Training Bulletin Influenza Educational Review 2015/2016
... called “antigenic drift”. The small changes that occur in the virus produce “new” virus strains that may not be recognized by the body’s immune system. Antigenic drift, which may occur in one or more influenza vaccine components, generally requires seasonal influenza vaccines to be reformulated annu ...
... called “antigenic drift”. The small changes that occur in the virus produce “new” virus strains that may not be recognized by the body’s immune system. Antigenic drift, which may occur in one or more influenza vaccine components, generally requires seasonal influenza vaccines to be reformulated annu ...
Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Pregnancy
... occurs during pregnancy, the disease is likely to be associated with significant complications for both mother and fetus: pregnant women are several times more likely to develop fatal varicella than non-pregnant patients, the fetus is at high risk of congenital varicella syndrome (CVS), and the neon ...
... occurs during pregnancy, the disease is likely to be associated with significant complications for both mother and fetus: pregnant women are several times more likely to develop fatal varicella than non-pregnant patients, the fetus is at high risk of congenital varicella syndrome (CVS), and the neon ...
Impact of Norovirus in the cruise ship industry
... 2014). HECVs are divided into two genera, the genus Norovirus (Norovirus, formerly known as ‘Norwalk-like viruses’) and the genus Sapovirus (SaV, formerly known as ‘Sapporo-like viruses’) (Duizer et al. 2004). Norwalk-like (NLV) or small round structured virus (SRSV), the causative agent for Norovir ...
... 2014). HECVs are divided into two genera, the genus Norovirus (Norovirus, formerly known as ‘Norwalk-like viruses’) and the genus Sapovirus (SaV, formerly known as ‘Sapporo-like viruses’) (Duizer et al. 2004). Norwalk-like (NLV) or small round structured virus (SRSV), the causative agent for Norovir ...
Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections
... Although CSF shunts contributed to the significant improvement of the management outcome of hydrocephalus, the shunt has several complications, including infection, which is a major threat to pediatric patients (8). This study demonstrated that infection occurred in 35 cases (10.5%) of the 333 conse ...
... Although CSF shunts contributed to the significant improvement of the management outcome of hydrocephalus, the shunt has several complications, including infection, which is a major threat to pediatric patients (8). This study demonstrated that infection occurred in 35 cases (10.5%) of the 333 conse ...
Single mutations in the transmembrane envelope protein abrogate
... Exposure of PBMCs from donor 1 to these ten gp41 mutated in the isu domain demonstrated that the mutations L1A, Q2A, A3G, R4A, E9A and D14A significantly reduced the IL-10 release (Figure 3A). Three months later the PBMCs from donor 1 were tested again using the same panel of gp41 and the response w ...
... Exposure of PBMCs from donor 1 to these ten gp41 mutated in the isu domain demonstrated that the mutations L1A, Q2A, A3G, R4A, E9A and D14A significantly reduced the IL-10 release (Figure 3A). Three months later the PBMCs from donor 1 were tested again using the same panel of gp41 and the response w ...
Report 15/2016
... and elderly people whose state of health is not always good. They may have been exposed to communicable diseases in refugee camps or during their journey and their immunisation may be deficient due to the unstable conditions in the areas they have fled. In 2009, the Ministry of Social Affairs and He ...
... and elderly people whose state of health is not always good. They may have been exposed to communicable diseases in refugee camps or during their journey and their immunisation may be deficient due to the unstable conditions in the areas they have fled. In 2009, the Ministry of Social Affairs and He ...
Rhinopathologies
... The nasal physiologic functions, such as warming and humidification, are vital for upper airway function. It has been estimated that an adult inspires up to 10,000 liters of air daily (Kerr, 1997). Nasal breathing is healthy breathing as the air is treated in many ways by the structures of the nose, ...
... The nasal physiologic functions, such as warming and humidification, are vital for upper airway function. It has been estimated that an adult inspires up to 10,000 liters of air daily (Kerr, 1997). Nasal breathing is healthy breathing as the air is treated in many ways by the structures of the nose, ...
Population genetic structure determines the speed of kill and
... genotypic variants may also be more prevalent than others in wild-type populations (Muñoz et al., 1998; Hitchman et al., 2007). The fact that minority genotypes are not eliminated from the population suggests that this heterogeneity is important for virus survival (Possee and Rohrmann, ...
... genotypic variants may also be more prevalent than others in wild-type populations (Muñoz et al., 1998; Hitchman et al., 2007). The fact that minority genotypes are not eliminated from the population suggests that this heterogeneity is important for virus survival (Possee and Rohrmann, ...
THE INCIDENCE OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS IN SELECTED WATER SOURCES
... DEGREE: MAGISTER SCIENTIAE (MEDICAL VIROLOGY) ...
... DEGREE: MAGISTER SCIENTIAE (MEDICAL VIROLOGY) ...
The prevention of transmission of blood
... and occurrence management. In reducing risk, the appropriateness of screening and vaccination should be considered. Standard precautions must be observed and improved safety devices and technology should be used. An occurrence management strategy must be in place to examine accidents and infections ...
... and occurrence management. In reducing risk, the appropriateness of screening and vaccination should be considered. Standard precautions must be observed and improved safety devices and technology should be used. An occurrence management strategy must be in place to examine accidents and infections ...
Henipavirus
Henipavirus is a genus of RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales containing three established species: Hendra virus, Nipah virus and Cedar virus. The henipaviruses are naturally harboured by Pteropid fruit bats (flying foxes) and some microbat species. Henipavirus is characterised by a large genome, a wide host range, and their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans.In 2009, RNA sequences of three novel viruses in phylogenetic relationship to known Henipaviruses were detected in Eidolon helvum (the African straw-colored fruit bat) in Ghana. The finding of these novel putative Henipaviruses outside Australia and Asia indicates that the region of potential endemicity of Henipaviruses extends to Africa.