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Body Defenses
Body Defenses

... Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ...
Global spread and impacts of emerging vector
Global spread and impacts of emerging vector

... in high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in areas with limited vector surveillance and control resources. The movement of people and goods through international travel and trade may drive the spread of mosquito-borne viruses to regions of the world where competent vectors exist. This t ...
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... • Epidemiology: Wild birds are the natural reservoir for the virus. They shed the virus in saliva, nasal secretion and feces.  All domestic poultry are susceptible to infection.  They become infected, when they eat food contaminated with secretion or excretion from infected bird.  Avian influenza ...
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... Ebola virus antibodies in the absence of reported outbreaks in those communities (Muyembe-Tamfum et al., 2012). Therefore the likelihood for humans to be exposed to EBOV through close contact with: • Fruit bats, especially of the genera Hypsignathus, Epomops, Mops, Micropterus, Rousettus and Myonyc ...
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... town of Sverdlovsk. At least 66 people downwind of the factory died as a result of inhaling these spores and many more fell ill, demonstrating the lethality of airborne anthrax and its potential effectiveness as a deadly weapon. In October of 2001, a single person mailed letters containing anthrax s ...
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... infrastructure has been aggravated by misconceptions regarding the cause of the disease. Rampant fear and suspicion was observed in affected communities, fuelled by traditional beliefs and superstitions (Lawrence et al., 2014; Tambo et al., 2014). Some religious faiths are currently playing a critic ...
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... [8] It is no doubt that Ebola is a dangerous disease that may result in death if the patients are left untreated. However, a lot of American people are overreacting to it. A primary school teacher in Maine was put on 21 days’ leave because she stayed in a hotel in Dallas, ‘near’ the Texas Health Pre ...
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... either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Unlike living cells, viruses will have either DNA or RNA, but not both. The genetic material is a blueprint for determining the structure and behavior of a cell. In a virus, a protein coat called a "capsid" surrounds the nucleic acid. Thi ...
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Ebola virus disease



Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}
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