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Representations of Integers by Linear Forms in Nonnegative
Representations of Integers by Linear Forms in Nonnegative

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... When we expand out this product, we find, by continuing the line of argument developed above, that we obtain the sum of the . reciprocals ofall the positive integers. To see why, we need to use the fundamental theorem of arithmetic and the assumption that 2, 3, 5, .. "P n are all the primes that exi ...
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Law of large numbers



In probability theory, the law of large numbers (LLN) is a theorem that describes the result of performing the same experiment a large number of times. According to the law, the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials should be close to the expected value, and will tend to become closer as more trials are performed.The LLN is important because it ""guarantees"" stable long-term results for the averages of some random events. For example, while a casino may lose money in a single spin of the roulette wheel, its earnings will tend towards a predictable percentage over a large number of spins. Any winning streak by a player will eventually be overcome by the parameters of the game. It is important to remember that the LLN only applies (as the name indicates) when a large number of observations are considered. There is no principle that a small number of observations will coincide with the expected value or that a streak of one value will immediately be ""balanced"" by the others (see the gambler's fallacy)
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