PPT Lecture Notes
... Chi-Square: Independence 1. The chi-square is a non-parametric test - It’s NOT based on a mean, and it does not require that the data are bell-shaped (I.e., Gaussian distributed). 2. We can use the Chi-square test for analyzing data from certain between-subjects designs. Will someone remind us abou ...
... Chi-Square: Independence 1. The chi-square is a non-parametric test - It’s NOT based on a mean, and it does not require that the data are bell-shaped (I.e., Gaussian distributed). 2. We can use the Chi-square test for analyzing data from certain between-subjects designs. Will someone remind us abou ...
Are International Equity Markets Really Skewed? Colm Kearney and Margaret Lynch
... of negative price changes at extreme values to argue that price changes present clear evidence of asymmetry. Table 4 presents the positive and negative excess returns for all markets using the same intervals as those used by Peiró (1999). For Britain, there is a statistically significant difference ...
... of negative price changes at extreme values to argue that price changes present clear evidence of asymmetry. Table 4 presents the positive and negative excess returns for all markets using the same intervals as those used by Peiró (1999). For Britain, there is a statistically significant difference ...
Probability Distributions
... A prescription for the probability model of an experiment contains two basic ingredients: the sample space and the assignment of probability to each elementary outcome. In Chapter 4, we encountered several examples where the elementary outcomes had only qualitative descriptions rather than numerical ...
... A prescription for the probability model of an experiment contains two basic ingredients: the sample space and the assignment of probability to each elementary outcome. In Chapter 4, we encountered several examples where the elementary outcomes had only qualitative descriptions rather than numerical ...
SBE12ch06
... Standard Normal Probability Distribution If the manager of Pep Zone wants the probability of a stockout during replenishment lead-time to be no more than .05, what should the reorder point be? --------------------------------------------------------------(Hint: Given a probability, we can use the st ...
... Standard Normal Probability Distribution If the manager of Pep Zone wants the probability of a stockout during replenishment lead-time to be no more than .05, what should the reorder point be? --------------------------------------------------------------(Hint: Given a probability, we can use the st ...
Is Sampled Data Sufficient for Anomaly Detection
... That means, ratio γ between distinct IP addresses and port number is larger for scanner. ...
... That means, ratio γ between distinct IP addresses and port number is larger for scanner. ...
CHAPTER 6 CONTINUOUS PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
... Standard Normal Probability Distribution If the manager of Pep Zone wants the probability of a stockout during replenishment lead-time to be no more than .05, what should the reorder point be? --------------------------------------------------------------(Hint: Given a probability, we can use the st ...
... Standard Normal Probability Distribution If the manager of Pep Zone wants the probability of a stockout during replenishment lead-time to be no more than .05, what should the reorder point be? --------------------------------------------------------------(Hint: Given a probability, we can use the st ...
Existence of independent random matching
... of the cross-sectional distribution of agent types. An equilibrium has the property that the combined effect of individually optimal dynamic behavior is consistent with the conjectured population dynamics. In order to simplify the analysis, much of the literature relies on equilibria with a stationa ...
... of the cross-sectional distribution of agent types. An equilibrium has the property that the combined effect of individually optimal dynamic behavior is consistent with the conjectured population dynamics. In order to simplify the analysis, much of the literature relies on equilibria with a stationa ...
Introduction to Random Processes
... Countable set of states 1, 2, . . .. Continuous-time index t, state X (t) ⇒ Transition between states can happen at any time ⇒ Markov: Future independent of the past given the present ...
... Countable set of states 1, 2, . . .. Continuous-time index t, state X (t) ⇒ Transition between states can happen at any time ⇒ Markov: Future independent of the past given the present ...
Statistical Analysis and Modeling of Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer
... tree structure. Inductive machine learning algorithms are used to learn the decision function stored in the data of the form ( X , Y ) ( X 1 , X 2 , X 3 ... X k , Y ) that maps some sets of attributes ( X 1 , X 2 , X 3 ... X k , Y ) to the conclusion about some target variable Y, and then the targ ...
... tree structure. Inductive machine learning algorithms are used to learn the decision function stored in the data of the form ( X , Y ) ( X 1 , X 2 , X 3 ... X k , Y ) that maps some sets of attributes ( X 1 , X 2 , X 3 ... X k , Y ) to the conclusion about some target variable Y, and then the targ ...
5. 7 Theory of Subjective Probability
... In the preceding sections I have mainly examined what might be termed the 'strong extensions' of the formal theory of probability. In each of these cases there has been at least one proposed method of uniquely determining the probability measure on the sample space, or the distribution of given rand ...
... In the preceding sections I have mainly examined what might be termed the 'strong extensions' of the formal theory of probability. In each of these cases there has been at least one proposed method of uniquely determining the probability measure on the sample space, or the distribution of given rand ...
On 1/f Noise - University of Macau
... nonintegrable, hence, LRD. Since any random function with LRD is in the class of 1/f noise, one may observe other types of random functions that belong to 1/f noise from a view of LRD processes, for example, those described in 106–112. Note 8. As 1/f noise is of LRD, its ACF is nonintegrable over ...
... nonintegrable, hence, LRD. Since any random function with LRD is in the class of 1/f noise, one may observe other types of random functions that belong to 1/f noise from a view of LRD processes, for example, those described in 106–112. Note 8. As 1/f noise is of LRD, its ACF is nonintegrable over ...
Artificial Intelligence Methods Uncertainty
... W etGrass 7→0.7 Rain Issues: Problems with combination, e.g., Sprinkler causes Rain?? Probability Given the available evidence, A25 will get me there on time with probability 0.04 Mahaviracarya (9th C.), Cardamo (1565) theory of gambling (Fuzzy logic handles degree of truth NOT uncertainty e.g., W e ...
... W etGrass 7→0.7 Rain Issues: Problems with combination, e.g., Sprinkler causes Rain?? Probability Given the available evidence, A25 will get me there on time with probability 0.04 Mahaviracarya (9th C.), Cardamo (1565) theory of gambling (Fuzzy logic handles degree of truth NOT uncertainty e.g., W e ...
Statistics
Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. In applying statistics to, e.g., a scientific, industrial, or societal problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model process to be studied. Populations can be diverse topics such as ""all persons living in a country"" or ""every atom composing a crystal"". Statistics deals with all aspects of data including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.When census data cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific experiment designs and survey samples. Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can safely extend from the sample to the population as a whole. An experimental study involves taking measurements of the system under study, manipulating the system, and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements. In contrast, an observational study does not involve experimental manipulation.Two main statistical methodologies are used in data analysis: descriptive statistics, which summarizes data from a sample using indexes such as the mean or standard deviation, and inferential statistics, which draws conclusions from data that are subject to random variation (e.g., observational errors, sampling variation). Descriptive statistics are most often concerned with two sets of properties of a distribution (sample or population): central tendency (or location) seeks to characterize the distribution's central or typical value, while dispersion (or variability) characterizes the extent to which members of the distribution depart from its center and each other. Inferences on mathematical statistics are made under the framework of probability theory, which deals with the analysis of random phenomena.A standard statistical procedure involves the test of the relationship between two statistical data sets, or a data set and a synthetic data drawn from idealized model. An hypothesis is proposed for the statistical relationship between the two data sets, and this is compared as an alternative to an idealized null hypothesis of no relationship between two data sets. Rejecting or disproving the null hypothesis is done using statistical tests that quantify the sense in which the null can be proven false, given the data that are used in the test. Working from a null hypothesis, two basic forms of error are recognized: Type I errors (null hypothesis is falsely rejected giving a ""false positive"") and Type II errors (null hypothesis fails to be rejected and an actual difference between populations is missed giving a ""false negative""). Multiple problems have come to be associated with this framework: ranging from obtaining a sufficient sample size to specifying an adequate null hypothesis.Measurement processes that generate statistical data are also subject to error. Many of these errors are classified as random (noise) or systematic (bias), but other important types of errors (e.g., blunder, such as when an analyst reports incorrect units) can also be important. The presence of missing data and/or censoring may result in biased estimates and specific techniques have been developed to address these problems.Statistics can be said to have begun in ancient civilization, going back at least to the 5th century BC, but it was not until the 18th century that it started to draw more heavily from calculus and probability theory. Statistics continues to be an area of active research, for example on the problem of how to analyze Big data.