• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Willem and the negative nominal interest rate
Willem and the negative nominal interest rate

... on interest rates was a problem that had only academic interest, and which never created real challenges for monetary policy. Inflation was a phenomenon that was of significant importance, whereby the nominal interest rates in most economies were at a level far above zero. Statistically, it was ther ...
Monetary policy summary and minutes of the
Monetary policy summary and minutes of the

... Consistent with the projections and conditioning assumptions set out in the May Inflation Report, the MPC judges that it is more likely than not that Bank Rate will need to be higher by the end of the forecast period than at present to ensure inflation returns to the target in a sustainable manner. ...
The natural interest rate: concept, measurement and monetary
The natural interest rate: concept, measurement and monetary

... In per cent; median and interquartile range (shaded area) of the real interest rate across 17 advanced economies, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United St ...
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

... be paid under certain Furniture ...


... emerges because monetary policy, which would normally be used to stabilize the economy in response to country-specific shocks, can instead be used only to address union-wide disturbances. To stabilize a member economy, national fiscal policy should “lean against the wind,” with policy expansionary w ...
Is it Still Worth Investing in Bonds
Is it Still Worth Investing in Bonds

... Despite short-term market gyrations, bonds play a very important role in a diversified portfolio. ...
Money and Inflation
Money and Inflation

...  “Money printing” is a technical term that refers to an increase in money supply ...
James Tobin - Prize Lecture
James Tobin - Prize Lecture

... The historic terrain of macro-economic theory is the explanation of the levels and fluctuations of overall economic activity. Macro-economists have been especially interested in the effects of alternative fiscal, financial, and monetary policies. With the publication of J. M. Keynes’s General Theory ...
Cost Shocks in the AD/ AS Model
Cost Shocks in the AD/ AS Model

... Expectations can get “built into the system.” If every firm expects every other firm to raise prices by 10 percent, every firm will raise prices by about 10 percent. Every firm ends up with the price increase it expected. If prices have been rising and if people’s expectations are adaptive—that is, ...
Lecture 13
Lecture 13

... Expectations can get “built into the system.” If every firm expects every other firm to raise prices by 10 percent, every firm will raise prices by about 10 percent. Every firm ends up with the price increase it expected. If prices have been rising and if people’s expectations are adaptive—that is, ...
not in the textbook? - Lancaster University
not in the textbook? - Lancaster University

... of a ‘haircut’) or indirectly (by ‘inflation’ as bonds are redeemed by newly printed banknotes). Thus, market-driven relative price adjustments constrain the real value of sovereign debt (as might be indicated, say, by the ratio of debt to national income) at a level no higher than individuals and n ...
Matias Vernengo
Matias Vernengo

... Aid inflows lead to an appreciation of the exchange rate. In contrast to the conventional model, contractionary monetary policy, by raising the rate of interest leads to an appreciation of the exchange rate. In particular, if sterilization leads to lower prices for bonds and higher rates of interest ...
The U.S. Economy and 12 District Banking: Conditions & Outlook
The U.S. Economy and 12 District Banking: Conditions & Outlook

... Transparency and Forward Guidance: FOMC Statement (10/24/2012) Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee remains concerned that, without further policy accommodation, economic growth might not be strong enough to gener ...
Higher Interest Rates Are on the Horizon
Higher Interest Rates Are on the Horizon

... INTEREST RATES: RECORD LOWS LIKELY TO RISE. The U.S. economy has been slow to recover from the Great Recession. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the Federal Reserve committee that makes key decisions about interest rates and the growth of the U.S. money supply, has left the Fed Funds rate n ...
Banking Basics
Banking Basics

... O Can save you money on returned item and merchant fees should you make an honest mistake in your checkbook or have an unexpected emergency ...
Swiss monetary policy in the public eye
Swiss monetary policy in the public eye

... 2009, the recession was the most severe since the mid-1970s.1 However, measured on a quarterly basis, consumption, which is a more meaningful indicator of economic well-being, barely fell. In Switzerland, the Great Recession was a (relatively severe) recession. What was it, that transformed what man ...
Low, Lower, Negative
Low, Lower, Negative

... there is little that can be done to avoid it. Eventually the added costs will likely be passed on to borrowers/depositors thus spreading the negative income effect to the wider economy. As banks attempt to minimise the ‘tax’ that they are exposed to by reducing their holdings of reserves, the effect ...
The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy
The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy

... purchases by $20 billion, the aggregate demand for goods and services could rise by more or less than $20 billion, depending on whether the multiplier effect or the crowding-out effect is larger. ...
Modelling for monetary policy: the New Zealand experience
Modelling for monetary policy: the New Zealand experience

... Bank gained greater control over monetary conditions. But the widespread economic and financial reforms also led to a period of considerable structural change and volatility in asset markets. For monetary policy, there were no stable anchors or guidelines that could be relied on. Inflation expectation ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EFFECT OF CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL MONETARY
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EFFECT OF CONVENTIONAL AND UNCONVENTIONAL MONETARY

... monetary policy. In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, the Fed lowered the interest rate close to zero and conventional monetary policy became ineffective; the interest rate could not be lowered further. At this point, the Fed began to engage in unconventional monetary policy in which it extende ...
Search theory and applied economic research
Search theory and applied economic research

... the market for goods, so there is only one stationary equilibrium. This model does not have any constraints that would prevent matured bonds circulating as a means of payment in the market for goods in the same way as money. Furthermore, in both models, in equilibrium newly issued interest-bearing b ...
Senator Robert Owen of Oklahoma and the Federal Reserve`s
Senator Robert Owen of Oklahoma and the Federal Reserve`s

... gambling. However, as a freshman senator in the minority party and from a new state, it is not surprising that none of Owen’s initial bills was considered, leading him instead to sign on with other bills that at least included parts of his proposals. The key piece of banking legislation resulting fr ...
Power Point Unit Six - Long Branch Public Schools
Power Point Unit Six - Long Branch Public Schools

... • (a) Assume that banks in Sewell have no excess reserves. What is the effect of the central bank’s action on the amount of customer loans that banks in Sewell can make? • (b) Using a correctly labeled graph of the money market, show the effect of the central bank’s action on the nominal interest ra ...
AP MACRO ECONOMICS UNIT 6 : MR. LIPMAN
AP MACRO ECONOMICS UNIT 6 : MR. LIPMAN

... • (a) Assume that banks in Sewell have no excess reserves. What is the effect of the central bank’s action on the amount of customer loans that banks in Sewell can make? • (b) Using a correctly labeled graph of the money market, show the effect of the central bank’s action on the nominal interest ra ...
ICMA
ICMA

... a basic misunderstanding about the function and operation of state and local governments. The mechanics of bankruptcy are inapplicable to a sovereign entity. Bankruptcy is not a legal option for states, as constitutionally recognized sovereigns, because states have taxing authority and constitutiona ...
< 1 ... 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 ... 221 >

Quantitative easing

Quantitative easing (QE) is a type of monetary policy used by central banks to stimulate the economy when standard monetary policy has become ineffective. A central bank implements quantitative easing by buying financial assets from commercial banks and other financial institutions by using electronically created money, thus raising the prices of those financial assets and lowering their yield, while simultaneously increasing the money supply. This differs from the more usual policy of buying or selling short-term government bonds to keep interbank interest rates at a specified target value.Expansionary monetary policy to stimulate the economy typically involves the central bank buying short-term government bonds to lower short-term market interest rates. However, when short-term interest rates reach or approach zero, this method can no longer work. In such circumstances monetary authorities may then use quantitative easing to further stimulate the economy by buying assets of longer maturity than short-term government bonds, thereby lowering longer-term interest rates further out on the yield curve.Quantitative easing can help ensure that inflation does not fall below a target. Risks include the policy being more effective than intended in acting against deflation (leading to higher inflation in the longer term, due to increased money supply), or not being effective enough if banks do not lend out the additional reserves. According to the International Monetary Fund, the US Federal Reserve, and various other economists, quantitative easing undertaken since the global financial crisis of 2007–08 has mitigated some of the economic problems since the crisis.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report