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ALT-2 Manual
ALT-2 Manual

... The ALT-2 is a 2 1/4” instrument that contains a precision encoding altimeter and a wide range vertical speed indicator. The altimeter conforms to ANSI standard atmosphere rules from –1000 ft up to a maximum of 30 000 ft. The ALT-2 outputs various formatted RS232 serial data protocols compatible wit ...
Remember: An illuminated RED STOP BAR means STOP!
Remember: An illuminated RED STOP BAR means STOP!

APPENDIX: Low Altitude Approaches
APPENDIX: Low Altitude Approaches

... Subsequent descents are made when established on the next segment of the IAP. Low altitude approaches may include arc to radial and radial to arc combinations. An arc to radial altitude restriction applies only while established on that segment of the IAP. Once a lead point is reached and a turn to ...
IFR fix: Benchmarking the basics
IFR fix: Benchmarking the basics

... equipped with only a single vacuum source. Technically advanced aircraft may be equipped with backup flight instruments or an additional electronic flight display that is not located directly in front of the pilot.” The unintended consequences of poor basic instrument flying can be considered distra ...
1

Instrument approach



For aircraft operating under instrument flight rules (IFR), an instrument approach or instrument approach procedure (IAP) is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing, or to a point from which a landing may be made visually. The concept was also commonly known as a blind landing or blind approach when first introduced, although these terms are no longer common.There are two main classifications for IAPs: precision and non-precision. Precision approaches utilize both lateral (localizer) and vertical (glideslope) information. Non-precision approaches provide lateral course information only.Publications depicting instrument approach procedures are called Terminal Procedures, but are commonly referred to by pilots as approach plates. These documents depict the specific procedure to be followed by a pilot for a particular type of approach to an airport. They depict prescribed altitudes and courses to be flown, as well as obstacles, terrain, and potentially conflicting airspace. They list missed approach procedures and commonly used radio frequencies.Before satellite navigation was available for civilian aviation, the requirement for large land-based navigation aid (""navaid"") facilities generally limited the use of instrument approaches to land-based (i.e. asphalt, gravel, turf, ice) runways (and those on aircraft carriers). GNSS technology allows, at least theoretically, to create instrument approaches to any point on the Earth's surface (whether on land or water); consequently, there are nowadays examples of water aerodromes (such as Rangeley Lake Seaplane Base in Maine, USA) that have both land navaid-based as well as GNSS-based approaches.
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