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al-bukhari gave a long narration of the contents of the letter sent by
al-bukhari gave a long narration of the contents of the letter sent by

... muhammad’s prophethood: ‘i fully realize that prophets come from noble families; he does not affect any previous example of prophethood. since none of his ancestors was a monarch, we cannot then allege that he is a man trying to reclaim his father’s monarchy. so long as he does not tell lies to peo ...
What is the role of prophets in Islam?
What is the role of prophets in Islam?

... At the time of Prophet Muhammad, the terms “Sunni” and “Shi’ah” did not exist — they developed later in Muslim history. After the Prophet passed away, Muslims were left to determine who should rightfully succeed him as the political leader (khalifah) of the Muslim community. Many were of the belief ...
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Why Aisha Likely Poisoned Muhammad, Not a Jewish - Islam

... In this article, I tried to present my analytical view about the followers of Muhammad and the tradition about Muhammad’s death, widely propagated by Muslims that a Jewish woman at Khaibar had poisoned him. The story goes like this: a Jewish woman, captured in Muhammad attack of Khaibar, was put on ...
Translation of Khutba (2012,03,09)
Translation of Khutba (2012,03,09)

... “So know (O Muhammad S.A.W. ) that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and ask forgiveness for your sin, and also for the sin of believing men and believing women. And Allah knows well your moving about and your place of rest.” (S.47 V.19) This is an order for men and women to learn and u ...
Spread of Islam
Spread of Islam

... Sunnis and Shias: •Most Muslims accepted Umayyad caliph, Mu’awiya •Called Sunnis, “followers of the Sunna,” or “way of the Prophet” •Ali’s supporters refused to go along with Umayyads •Became known as the Shia, “party of Ali” ...
Introduction - DLofsWorldHistory
Introduction - DLofsWorldHistory

... Companions on the way back from his last Hajj, and proclaimed Ali the spiritual guide and master of all believers. Shi'a reports say he took Ali's hand and said that anyone who followed Muhammad should follow Ali. Muslims who believe that Abu Bakr should have been the Prophet's successor have come ...
Life Event1: Muhammad`s Early Life Muhammad was born into an
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... and spoke to Muhammad, telling him to “Recite! Recite!” Confused at first, Muhammad asked what he should recite. The angel answered: “Recite in the name of the Lord who created man. Recite! The Lord is the most kind one, who by the pen taught mankind things they did not know.” -From The Qur’an, At f ...
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... and spoke to Muhammad, telling him to “Recite! Recite!” Confused at first, Muhammad asked what he should recite. The angel answered: “Recite in the name of the Lord who created man. Recite! The Lord is the most kind one, who by the pen taught mankind things they did not know.” -From The Qur’an, At f ...
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Biographical Sketch of Muhammad`s Life

... banished them to a dry valley and forbade anyone from trading with them. Khadijah and Abu Talib both died during the boycott. During this time Muhammad sent a small group of Muslims to Ethiopia to seek asylum, or protection from persecution, which was granted by its Christian king, the Negus. The Qu ...
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A level Religious Studies Mark scheme RSS11 - Islam 2: The
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Islam - My CCSD

... the local civil wars had ended, Muhammad led his followers on the farewell pilgrimage. At his Farewell Sermon, Muhammad instructed his people to end violence for revenge or profit. In preIslamic days, violence was always met with violence. In the new Islamic community, there would be peaceful justic ...
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AL-BUSIRI AND MUHAMMAD MSHELA: TWO GREAT SUFI POETS

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Exam 1 - Reocities

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Session 1 – Introduction

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The Rightly Guided Caliphs: Umar ibn Al-Khattab
The Rightly Guided Caliphs: Umar ibn Al-Khattab

... greatness. He did however want to uphold the legacy of Prophet Muhammad. He began by saying, oeO people, know that I have been appointed to govern your affairs, so recognise that my toughness is now weakened, but I will continue to be tough and harsh on the people of oppression and transgression…” I ...
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133676_Primers Prototype - Part 1 Kamran

... Prophet Mohammed, that’s where you see the stirrings of this divide. The divide goes back to who will succeed the Prophet as leader of the Islamic community. In the Islamic faith, there are no more prophets after Mohammed. That’s a core doctrine in the Islamic religion, therefore he is the last of t ...
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Islam - WordPress.com

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Islam in 10 Pages: By Mohammed Amin

... Many years later, in Ur in Mesopotamia most of the people were idol worshippers, but Abraham believed only in God. God told him to leave his home city and travel with his family to Canaan which He promised to Abraham’s descendants. Abraham’s first son Ishmael was born of Hagar, while his second son ...
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TRUTH IN ISLAM

... 1:16 etc.). In the New Testament period, the seriousness of sin and lying was highlighted when God killed some people who lied (Acts 5). The Bible declares that:  “all liars will have their part in the lake which burns with fire and brimstone.” (Revelation 21:8) However, in Islam, if you do not sin ...
GABRIELI,F Muhammad and Conquests of Islam
GABRIELI,F Muhammad and Conquests of Islam

... Muslims may think those who deny the existence of God or who utter blasphemies about Him are misguided, such discussions will not offend in the same manner in which discussions over Muhammad will. Those who insinuate evil of Muhammad or who cast aspersions on him are considered to be insulting Islam ...
Islam Continued - World Religions
Islam Continued - World Religions

... 1566 C.E. The Ottomans gain control of the Aegean islands and Suleiman I dies and is succeeded by Selim II. 1571 C. E. The Ottomans are defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their dominance in the Mediterranean is brought to a close. 1683 C.E. The Ottomans put Vienna under siege and are defea ...
What Is the Difference Between Sunni and Shiite
What Is the Difference Between Sunni and Shiite

... righteous and just Muslim society. They argue that the Muslim leader should be chosen for his knowledge and piety, without regard to race or lineage, and that he should be selected by the leaders of the community. The Sunni puritanical movement called “Wahhabism” has become well-known in recent yea ...
Kamran – Sunni-Shiite split – 12:33
Kamran – Sunni-Shiite split – 12:33

... Prophet Mohammed, that’s where you see the stirrings of this divide. The divide goes back to who will succeed the Prophet as leader of the Islamic community. In the Islamic faith, there are no more prophets after Mohammed. That’s a core doctrine in the Islamic religion, therefore he is the last of t ...
Daniel C. Peterson. Muhammad: Prophet of God.
Daniel C. Peterson. Muhammad: Prophet of God.

... While casting much light on both the man and the historical forces that set the stage for events that continue to dominate the world’s political stage today, Peterson does not attempt in his analysis to go far beyond the lifetime of Muhammad and the early days of Islam. And, although the title of hi ...
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Succession to Muhammad

The Succession to Muhammad concerns the varying aspects of successorship of Muhammad after his death, comprising who might be considered as his successor to lead the Muslims, how that person should be elected, the conditions of legitimacy, and the role of successor. Different answers to these questions have led to several divisions in the Muslim community since the first century of Muslim history—most notably giving rise to Sunnis, Shias and Kharijites.From a historic viewpoint as recorded, with Muhammad's death in AD 632, disagreement broke out over who should succeed him as leader of the Muslim community. None of Muhammad's sons survived into adulthood, therefore direct hereditary succession was never an option. Umar (Umar ibn al-Khattab), a prominent companion of Muhammad, nominated Abu Bakr. Others added their support and Abu Bakr was made the first caliph. This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who held that Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib), his cousin and son-in-law, had been designated his successor. Later, during the First Fitna and the Second Fitna the community divided into several sects and groups, each of which had its own idea about successorship. After the Rashidun caliphate turned into Monarchies and Sultanates, Sunnis held power in most areas of Muslim history. Shias have emerged as their opposition.From a religious viewpoint, Muslims later split into two groups, Sunni and Shia. Sunnis assert that even though Muhammad never appointed a successor, Abu Bakr was elected first caliph by the Muslim community. The Sunnis recognize the first four caliphs as Muhammad's rightful successors. Shias believe that Muhammad explicitly named his successor Ali at Ghadir Khumm and Muslim leadership belonged to him who had been determined by divine order.The two groups also disagree on Ali's attitude towards Abu Bakr, and the two caliphs who succeeded him: Umar and Uthman ibn Affan. Sunnis and the Zaydis tend to stress Ali's acceptance and support of their rule, while the Twelver Shia claim that he distanced himself from them, and that he was being kept from fulfilling the religious duty that Muhammad had appointed to him. Sunnis maintain that if Ali was the rightful successor as ordained by God, then it would have been his duty as leader of the Muslim nation to make war with these people (Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman) until Ali established the decree. The Twelver Shias contend that Ali did not fight Abu Bakr, Umar or Uthman, because he was foretold by Muhammad about how the political tide will turn against Ali after his demise and was advised not to wage war against them. The Twelver Shia also say that he did not have the military strength nor the willingness to wage a civil war amongst the Muslims. The Twelver Shia say Ali also believed that he could fulfil his role of Imamate without this fighting.Zaydis do not agree with the Twelver Shia. After the death of Abu Bakr, Ali raised Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was the son of Abu Bakr and was raised by Ali. When Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was killed by the Ummayads, Aisha, the wife of Muhammad—also a renowned scholar of her time—raised and taught her nephew Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr.Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr's mother was from Ali's family and Qasim's daughter Farwah bint al-Qasim was married to Muhammad al-Baqir and was the mother of Jafar al-Sadiq. Therefore, Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr was the grandson of Abu Bakr the first caliph and the grandfather of Jafar al-Sadiq.Zaydis, the largest group amongst the Shia before the Safavid Dynasty and currently the second largest group, believe that on the last hour of Zayd ibn Ali (the uncle of Jafar al-Sadiq), he was betrayed by the people in Kufa who said to him: ""May God have mercy on you! What do you have to say on the matter of Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab?"" Zayd ibn Ali said, ""I have not heard anyone in my family renouncing them both nor saying anything but good about them...when they were entrusted with government they behaved justly with the people and acted according to the Qur'an and the Sunnah""The differences between the Sunni and Shia amplified after the Safavid invasion of Persia and the subsequent Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam due to the politics between the Safavids and the Ottoman Empire. The Zaydis were also forced to convert. To consolidate their position, the Safavids also exploited the deep-rooted differences between areas formerly under the Persian Sassanid Empire and areas formerly under the Byzantine Roman Empire, dating back as far as the Roman–Persian Wars and the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars. For the first time in the history of Islam, the Safavids also established a hierarchical organization of the Shiite clergy and institutionalised the books written by Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941), Ibn Babawayh (923-991), and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) as the law. After the demise of the Safavid dynasty, the new ruler of Persia, Nader Shah (1698 to 1747) himself a Sunni attempted to improve relations with Sunni nations by propagating the integration of Shiism by calling it Jaafari Madh'hab. Since Jafar al-Sadiq himself disapproved of people who disapproved of his great grand father Abu Bakr the first caliph. Jafar al-Sadiq himself gave priority to the Qur'an and the Hadith and felt that Islam was completed during the time of Muhammad and wanted people to refer to the Quran therefore Jafar al-Sadiq (702-765) did not write any books. Since Jafar al-Sadiq and Zayd ibn Ali did not them selves write any books. But they worked closely with imam Abu Hanifa and imam Malik ibn Anas the oldest branch of the Shia, the Zaydis to this day and originally the Fatamids, use the Hanafi jurisprudence, as do most Sunnis.
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