Star Formation - Leslie Looney
... •! But if H2 can stick to the dust grains, shouldn’t larger molecules stick too? In fact, we see water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), and methanol (CH3OH) frozen to the dust grains. •! Hey, that’s the most important bioelements (H, O, N, and C) on dust grains! •! Mayo Greenberg and co-workers ...
... •! But if H2 can stick to the dust grains, shouldn’t larger molecules stick too? In fact, we see water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), and methanol (CH3OH) frozen to the dust grains. •! Hey, that’s the most important bioelements (H, O, N, and C) on dust grains! •! Mayo Greenberg and co-workers ...
Powerpoint - BU Imaging Science
... • How can extrasolar planets be detected? – Astrometry. Watch position of star in sky – Doppler shift. Detect motion of star as both star and planet orbit their centre of mass – Transit. Star’s brightness drops when it is obscured by planet ...
... • How can extrasolar planets be detected? – Astrometry. Watch position of star in sky – Doppler shift. Detect motion of star as both star and planet orbit their centre of mass – Transit. Star’s brightness drops when it is obscured by planet ...
Time From the Perspective of a Particle Physicist
... • if Mass(core) > 1.4 M(Sun) core collapses in SUPERNOVA (II) • leaves either Neutron Star or Black Hole • Most SN are this type PHYS 162 ...
... • if Mass(core) > 1.4 M(Sun) core collapses in SUPERNOVA (II) • leaves either Neutron Star or Black Hole • Most SN are this type PHYS 162 ...
AAVSO: Epsilon Aurigae
... astrophysical community, not only because of its rarity, but because so much effort is being devoted to observing this eclipse. Some of the major questions that may be answered are: What is the mass of the system and the evolutionary state of the star(s)? What is at the center of the disk -- one or ...
... astrophysical community, not only because of its rarity, but because so much effort is being devoted to observing this eclipse. Some of the major questions that may be answered are: What is the mass of the system and the evolutionary state of the star(s)? What is at the center of the disk -- one or ...
Written Transcript of this video lesson
... So now that you understand a little bit about how you can use the color of the star to determine its velocity, we can see what Vera Rubin has done. Here’s a graph superimposed on top of the galaxy with her velocity measurements as a function of radius. She did this by just focusing her telescope at ...
... So now that you understand a little bit about how you can use the color of the star to determine its velocity, we can see what Vera Rubin has done. Here’s a graph superimposed on top of the galaxy with her velocity measurements as a function of radius. She did this by just focusing her telescope at ...
Effects of Mutual Transits by Extrasolar Planet
... material inflow to the satellites and the satellite loss through orbital decay driven by the gas. They suggested that similar processes could limit the largest satellite of extrasolar giant planets. Such theoretical predictions await future observational tests. There still remains a possibility to d ...
... material inflow to the satellites and the satellite loss through orbital decay driven by the gas. They suggested that similar processes could limit the largest satellite of extrasolar giant planets. Such theoretical predictions await future observational tests. There still remains a possibility to d ...
Tasks - ESA Science
... launched in 1990 and then had to be set up in space, so that it was not possible to take images earlier. As well as being of great intrinsic interest, SN 1987A challenged even Hubble’s very high resolution. The pictures of SN 1987A show three circular nebulae surrounding the supernova — an inner rin ...
... launched in 1990 and then had to be set up in space, so that it was not possible to take images earlier. As well as being of great intrinsic interest, SN 1987A challenged even Hubble’s very high resolution. The pictures of SN 1987A show three circular nebulae surrounding the supernova — an inner rin ...
HR Diagram - TeacherWeb
... In the early 1900s, astronomers identified many star characteristics such as color, size, temperature, and luminosity—or how bright a star is. Using the H-R Diagram Gizmo™, you will discover how some of these characteristics are related. Start by moving your cursor over the stars in the Star collect ...
... In the early 1900s, astronomers identified many star characteristics such as color, size, temperature, and luminosity—or how bright a star is. Using the H-R Diagram Gizmo™, you will discover how some of these characteristics are related. Start by moving your cursor over the stars in the Star collect ...
learning goals - Pearson Education
... We especially need imagination in science. It is not all mathematics, nor all logic, but is somewhat beauty and poetry. Maria Mitchell (1818–1889), astronomer and first woman elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences Today we know that Earth is a planet orbiting a rather ordinary star, in a g ...
... We especially need imagination in science. It is not all mathematics, nor all logic, but is somewhat beauty and poetry. Maria Mitchell (1818–1889), astronomer and first woman elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences Today we know that Earth is a planet orbiting a rather ordinary star, in a g ...
Potential Meteorite Impact - Albert
... through the Earth's atmosphere are termed meteors, and these chunks that are hurtling through space are called meteoroids. Large pieces that do not vaporize completely and reach the surface of the Earth are termed meteorites. ...
... through the Earth's atmosphere are termed meteors, and these chunks that are hurtling through space are called meteoroids. Large pieces that do not vaporize completely and reach the surface of the Earth are termed meteorites. ...
Potential meteorite impact - Albert
... are heated to incandescence by the friction of the air. The bright trails that are coming through the Earth's atmosphere are termed meteors, and these chunks that are hurtling through space are called meteoroids. Large pieces that do not vaporize completely and reach the surface of the Earth are ter ...
... are heated to incandescence by the friction of the air. The bright trails that are coming through the Earth's atmosphere are termed meteors, and these chunks that are hurtling through space are called meteoroids. Large pieces that do not vaporize completely and reach the surface of the Earth are ter ...
The Fine Scale Optical Range Peter Mack Grubb Texas - UB-SEDS
... being in the wrong place at the wrong time[2]. When this was confined to large objects that were known to be in orbit, it was of limited concern, as it was very simple to map and calculate the orbits for these objects. However, with the growth of anti-satellite weaponry[3][4] and the general disrepa ...
... being in the wrong place at the wrong time[2]. When this was confined to large objects that were known to be in orbit, it was of limited concern, as it was very simple to map and calculate the orbits for these objects. However, with the growth of anti-satellite weaponry[3][4] and the general disrepa ...
Document
... - Gravity squeezes three solar masses into an infinitesimally small point (Smaller than the size of a pinhead) called a singularity -The area that separates the black hole from the surrounding space is called the Event Horizon. -> Within the event horizon gravity is so strong that even light does no ...
... - Gravity squeezes three solar masses into an infinitesimally small point (Smaller than the size of a pinhead) called a singularity -The area that separates the black hole from the surrounding space is called the Event Horizon. -> Within the event horizon gravity is so strong that even light does no ...
NexStar SLT Series Manual
... alignment procedures needed to have the telescope up and running in minutes. Use this manual in conjunction with the on-screen instructions provided by the hand control. The manual gives detailed information regarding each step as well as needed reference material and helpful hints guaranteed to mak ...
... alignment procedures needed to have the telescope up and running in minutes. Use this manual in conjunction with the on-screen instructions provided by the hand control. The manual gives detailed information regarding each step as well as needed reference material and helpful hints guaranteed to mak ...
Galileo`s The Starry Messenger
... large as when viewed with the naked eye. In this way one may learn with all the certainty of sense evidence that the moon is not robed in a smooth and polished surface but is in fact rough and uneven, covered everywhere, just like the earth’s surface, with huge prominences, deep valleys, and chasms. ...
... large as when viewed with the naked eye. In this way one may learn with all the certainty of sense evidence that the moon is not robed in a smooth and polished surface but is in fact rough and uneven, covered everywhere, just like the earth’s surface, with huge prominences, deep valleys, and chasms. ...
Age Estimates of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way
... would have taken longer to achieve this separation since the Big Bang than they otherwise would have. However, as more careful examinations of uncertainties associated with stellar evolution were performed, as well as refined estimates of the parameters that govern stellar evolution, the lower limit ...
... would have taken longer to achieve this separation since the Big Bang than they otherwise would have. However, as more careful examinations of uncertainties associated with stellar evolution were performed, as well as refined estimates of the parameters that govern stellar evolution, the lower limit ...
Astronomy Assignment #1
... Protostars emit mostly IR thermal radiation as they generate energy by converting gravitational potential energy into heat during collapse. The IR thermal radiation can pass through significant amounts of dust without attenuation. Thus, the dust is transparent to IR radiation and we can “see” the st ...
... Protostars emit mostly IR thermal radiation as they generate energy by converting gravitational potential energy into heat during collapse. The IR thermal radiation can pass through significant amounts of dust without attenuation. Thus, the dust is transparent to IR radiation and we can “see” the st ...
Observational astronomy
Observational astronomy is a division of the astronomical science that is concerned with recording data, in contrast with theoretical astrophysics, which is mainly concerned with finding out the measurable implications of physical models. It is the practice of observing celestial objects by using telescopes and other astronomical apparatus.As a science, the study of astronomy is somewhat hindered in that direct experiments with the properties of the distant universe are not possible. However, this is partly compensated by the fact that astronomers have a vast number of visible examples of stellar phenomena that can be examined. This allows for observational data to be plotted on graphs, and general trends recorded. Nearby examples of specific phenomena, such as variable stars, can then be used to infer the behavior of more distant representatives. Those distant yardsticks can then be employed to measure other phenomena in that neighborhood, including the distance to a galaxy.Galileo Galilei turned a telescope to the heavens and recorded what he saw. Since that time, observational astronomy has made steady advances with each improvement in telescope technology.A traditional division of observational astronomy is given by the region of the electromagnetic spectrum observed: Optical astronomy is the part of astronomy that uses optical components (mirrors, lenses and solid-state detectors) to observe light from near infrared to near ultraviolet wavelengths. Visible-light astronomy (using wavelengths that can be detected with the eyes, about 400 - 700 nm) falls in the middle of this range. Infrared astronomy deals with the detection and analysis of infrared radiation (this typically refers to wavelengths longer than the detection limit of silicon solid-state detectors, about 1 μm wavelength). The most common tool is the reflecting telescope but with a detector sensitive to infrared wavelengths. Space telescopes are used at certain wavelengths where the atmosphere is opaque, or to eliminate noise (thermal radiation from the atmosphere). Radio astronomy detects radiation of millimetre to dekametre wavelength. The receivers are similar to those used in radio broadcast transmission but much more sensitive. See also Radio telescopes. High-energy astronomy includes X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, and extreme UV astronomy, as well as studies of neutrinos and cosmic rays.Optical and radio astronomy can be performed with ground-based observatories, because the atmosphere is relatively transparent at the wavelengths being detected. Observatories are usually located at high altitudes so as to minimise the absorption and distortion caused by the Earth's atmosphere. Some wavelengths of infrared light are heavily absorbed by water vapor, so many infrared observatories are located in dry places at high altitude, or in space.The atmosphere is opaque at the wavelengths used by X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, UV astronomy and (except for a few wavelength ""windows"") far infrared astronomy, so observations must be carried out mostly from balloons or space observatories. Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large air showers they produce, and the study of cosmic rays is a rapidly expanding branch of astronomy.For much of the history of observational astronomy, almost all observation was performed in the visual spectrum with optical telescopes. While the Earth's atmosphere is relatively transparent in this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, most telescope work is still dependent on seeing conditions and air transparency, and is generally restricted to the night time. The seeing conditions depend on the turbulence and thermal variations in the air. Locations that are frequently cloudy or suffer from atmospheric turbulence limit the resolution of observations. Likewise the presence of the full Moon can brighten up the sky with scattered light, hindering observation of faint objects.For observation purposes, the optimal location for an optical telescope is undoubtedly in outer space. There the telescope can make observations without being affected by the atmosphere. However, at present it remains costly to lift telescopes into orbit. Thus the next best locations are certain mountain peaks that have a high number of cloudless days and generally possess good atmospheric conditions (with good seeing conditions). The peaks of the islands of Mauna Kea, Hawaii and La Palma possess these properties, as to a lesser extent do inland sites such as Llano de Chajnantor, Paranal, Cerro Tololo and La Silla in Chile. These observatory locations have attracted an assemblage of powerful telescopes, totalling many billion US dollars of investment.The darkness of the night sky is an important factor in optical astronomy. With the size of cities and human populated areas ever expanding, the amount of artificial light at night has also increased. These artificial lights produce a diffuse background illumination that makes observation of faint astronomical features very difficult without special filters. In a few locations such as the state of Arizona and in the United Kingdom, this has led to campaigns for the reduction of light pollution. The use of hoods around street lights not only improves the amount of light directed toward the ground, but also helps reduce the light directed toward the sky.Atmospheric effects (astronomical seeing) can severely hinder the resolution of a telescope. Without some means of correcting for the blurring effect of the shifting atmosphere, telescopes larger than about 15–20 cm in aperture can not achieve their theoretical resolution at visible wavelengths. As a result, the primary benefit of using very large telescopes has been the improved light-gathering capability, allowing very faint magnitudes to be observed. However the resolution handicap has begun to be overcome by adaptive optics, speckle imaging and interferometric imaging, as well as the use of space telescopes.Astronomers have a number of observational tools that they can use to make measurements of the heavens. For objects that are relatively close to the Sun and Earth, direct and very precise position measurements can be made against a more distant (and thereby nearly stationary) background. Early observations of this nature were used to develop very precise orbital models of the various planets, and to determine their respective masses and gravitational perturbations. Such measurements led to the discovery of the planets Uranus, Neptune, and (indirectly) Pluto. They also resulted in an erroneous assumption of a fictional planet Vulcan within the orbit of Mercury (but the explanation of the precession of Mercury's orbit by Einstein is considered one of the triumphs of his general relativity theory).