Stars - cmamath
... magnitude and temperature of stars. Can also show the relationship between temperature and luminosity As temperature increases, brightness increases and vice versa. ...
... magnitude and temperature of stars. Can also show the relationship between temperature and luminosity As temperature increases, brightness increases and vice versa. ...
MS PowerPoint - National Schools` Observatory
... measurement of the spectrum of light produced when matter interacts with electromagnetic radiation. In astronomy, spectroscopy is a very useful tool because telescopes can easily ...
... measurement of the spectrum of light produced when matter interacts with electromagnetic radiation. In astronomy, spectroscopy is a very useful tool because telescopes can easily ...
Quiz # 1 - Oglethorpe University
... c. the Sun moved among the planets, and pulled them out of their circular orbits d. the planets moved on a small circle whose center in turn circled a point near the Earth e. you can't fool me, Ptolemy's system did not include ANY explanation of retrograde motion We now know that the orbit of a stab ...
... c. the Sun moved among the planets, and pulled them out of their circular orbits d. the planets moved on a small circle whose center in turn circled a point near the Earth e. you can't fool me, Ptolemy's system did not include ANY explanation of retrograde motion We now know that the orbit of a stab ...
Universe Discovery Guides: January
... Cosmic Questions, the Euclid mission, Exoplanet Exploration, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), the Herschel Space Observatory, the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), the Hubble Space Telescope, Imagine the Universe, the Infra ...
... Cosmic Questions, the Euclid mission, Exoplanet Exploration, the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), the Herschel Space Observatory, the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), the Hubble Space Telescope, Imagine the Universe, the Infra ...
Chapter 8: The Pennsylvanian Period in Alabama: Looking Up
... Few humans would deny that the night sky is one of the most beautiful things in nature. On a clear, dark moonless night unaffected by light pollution, one can see as many as 3000 naked-eye stars. One of the most profound things about the night sky is that it is like a time machine. When we look out ...
... Few humans would deny that the night sky is one of the most beautiful things in nature. On a clear, dark moonless night unaffected by light pollution, one can see as many as 3000 naked-eye stars. One of the most profound things about the night sky is that it is like a time machine. When we look out ...
The Pennsylvanian Period in Alabama: Looking Up Astronomy and
... We can ask: what could the Minkin site track makers have seen in their sky at night, 310 million years ago, when the area was teeming with primitive amphibians and arthropods? Few animals spend their time stargazing, so we must imagine what we might have seen had we been there. For example, we can ...
... We can ask: what could the Minkin site track makers have seen in their sky at night, 310 million years ago, when the area was teeming with primitive amphibians and arthropods? Few animals spend their time stargazing, so we must imagine what we might have seen had we been there. For example, we can ...
Stars
... • Most elements are synthesized in the interior of Stars. • The heaviest, and least abundant, elements are synthesized in supernova. • Our Sun is presently burning H in its core. In 4.5 billion years it will use up the H in the core and collapse. When temperatures are hot enough it will burn carbon. ...
... • Most elements are synthesized in the interior of Stars. • The heaviest, and least abundant, elements are synthesized in supernova. • Our Sun is presently burning H in its core. In 4.5 billion years it will use up the H in the core and collapse. When temperatures are hot enough it will burn carbon. ...
Space Study Guide
... As technology increased, scientists made more and more observations that supported the Big Bang Model. 1. In 1929, Edwin Hubble observed that the spectral lines from other galaxies tended to always shift toward the red end of the spectrum. According to the Doppler Effect, causes this change of obser ...
... As technology increased, scientists made more and more observations that supported the Big Bang Model. 1. In 1929, Edwin Hubble observed that the spectral lines from other galaxies tended to always shift toward the red end of the spectrum. According to the Doppler Effect, causes this change of obser ...
Problem Set # 8: The Last Problem Set Due Wednesday, December
... 3) [20 points] The temperature of the cosmic background light today is T ≈ 2.7 K. At the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the temperature of the cosmic background light was T ≈ 5 × 108 K. What was the scale factor a at the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis? If the density of ordinary matter today i ...
... 3) [20 points] The temperature of the cosmic background light today is T ≈ 2.7 K. At the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the temperature of the cosmic background light was T ≈ 5 × 108 K. What was the scale factor a at the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis? If the density of ordinary matter today i ...
LESSON 4, STARS
... Stars up to ten times the mass of the Sun become red giants. Nuclear reactions give off energy causing the star to release huge clouds of gas. A layer of gases, called a planetary nebula, forms around the star. Its surface becomes white-hot, forming a ...
... Stars up to ten times the mass of the Sun become red giants. Nuclear reactions give off energy causing the star to release huge clouds of gas. A layer of gases, called a planetary nebula, forms around the star. Its surface becomes white-hot, forming a ...
This project is now funded
... Pluto orbits further away from the Sun than Neptune, while Eris orbits further out still. ...
... Pluto orbits further away from the Sun than Neptune, while Eris orbits further out still. ...
Galaxy Characteristics
... Core brightness - radius/overall luminosity Large Luminosity Ellipticals faint core large core radius Shape Large Ellipticals – more spherical (E0) Motion of stars – very random Virial Theorem – relation of kinetic energy to potential (gravitational) energy of a system ...
... Core brightness - radius/overall luminosity Large Luminosity Ellipticals faint core large core radius Shape Large Ellipticals – more spherical (E0) Motion of stars – very random Virial Theorem – relation of kinetic energy to potential (gravitational) energy of a system ...
File
... Both reflecting and refracting telescopes have different ways of focusing light, but share some common components. The list below shows the main components of telescopes. Write a “1” beside the component if it is used in a refracting telescope, a “2” beside a component used in a reflecting telescope ...
... Both reflecting and refracting telescopes have different ways of focusing light, but share some common components. The list below shows the main components of telescopes. Write a “1” beside the component if it is used in a refracting telescope, a “2” beside a component used in a reflecting telescope ...
Components of the Universe
... •We use light years to measure DISTANCES across space because other units like kilometers or miles are too small to use. •1 light year = 9.5 trillion km ...
... •We use light years to measure DISTANCES across space because other units like kilometers or miles are too small to use. •1 light year = 9.5 trillion km ...
Astronomy (C) - North Carolina Science Olympiad
... At birth, heavy stars hotter Surface temps from 3000 K to over 50,000 K Easy to accurately measure because light curve only ...
... At birth, heavy stars hotter Surface temps from 3000 K to over 50,000 K Easy to accurately measure because light curve only ...
Clever Catch - American Educational Products
... A telescope is an instrument used to magnify objects far away, and a microscope is an instrument used to magnify microscopic ...
... A telescope is an instrument used to magnify objects far away, and a microscope is an instrument used to magnify microscopic ...
This lecture covers the origins of the Universe, Sun and our planet
... to find all sorts of artifacts that may explain it like bird poop on the system, etc. In the end it was real, they had proof of the big bang and won the Nobel Prize for this effort. This is a good example of the serendipity of science and the ability to see something when others don’t or can’t. ...
... to find all sorts of artifacts that may explain it like bird poop on the system, etc. In the end it was real, they had proof of the big bang and won the Nobel Prize for this effort. This is a good example of the serendipity of science and the ability to see something when others don’t or can’t. ...
Observational astronomy
Observational astronomy is a division of the astronomical science that is concerned with recording data, in contrast with theoretical astrophysics, which is mainly concerned with finding out the measurable implications of physical models. It is the practice of observing celestial objects by using telescopes and other astronomical apparatus.As a science, the study of astronomy is somewhat hindered in that direct experiments with the properties of the distant universe are not possible. However, this is partly compensated by the fact that astronomers have a vast number of visible examples of stellar phenomena that can be examined. This allows for observational data to be plotted on graphs, and general trends recorded. Nearby examples of specific phenomena, such as variable stars, can then be used to infer the behavior of more distant representatives. Those distant yardsticks can then be employed to measure other phenomena in that neighborhood, including the distance to a galaxy.Galileo Galilei turned a telescope to the heavens and recorded what he saw. Since that time, observational astronomy has made steady advances with each improvement in telescope technology.A traditional division of observational astronomy is given by the region of the electromagnetic spectrum observed: Optical astronomy is the part of astronomy that uses optical components (mirrors, lenses and solid-state detectors) to observe light from near infrared to near ultraviolet wavelengths. Visible-light astronomy (using wavelengths that can be detected with the eyes, about 400 - 700 nm) falls in the middle of this range. Infrared astronomy deals with the detection and analysis of infrared radiation (this typically refers to wavelengths longer than the detection limit of silicon solid-state detectors, about 1 μm wavelength). The most common tool is the reflecting telescope but with a detector sensitive to infrared wavelengths. Space telescopes are used at certain wavelengths where the atmosphere is opaque, or to eliminate noise (thermal radiation from the atmosphere). Radio astronomy detects radiation of millimetre to dekametre wavelength. The receivers are similar to those used in radio broadcast transmission but much more sensitive. See also Radio telescopes. High-energy astronomy includes X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, and extreme UV astronomy, as well as studies of neutrinos and cosmic rays.Optical and radio astronomy can be performed with ground-based observatories, because the atmosphere is relatively transparent at the wavelengths being detected. Observatories are usually located at high altitudes so as to minimise the absorption and distortion caused by the Earth's atmosphere. Some wavelengths of infrared light are heavily absorbed by water vapor, so many infrared observatories are located in dry places at high altitude, or in space.The atmosphere is opaque at the wavelengths used by X-ray astronomy, gamma-ray astronomy, UV astronomy and (except for a few wavelength ""windows"") far infrared astronomy, so observations must be carried out mostly from balloons or space observatories. Powerful gamma rays can, however be detected by the large air showers they produce, and the study of cosmic rays is a rapidly expanding branch of astronomy.For much of the history of observational astronomy, almost all observation was performed in the visual spectrum with optical telescopes. While the Earth's atmosphere is relatively transparent in this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, most telescope work is still dependent on seeing conditions and air transparency, and is generally restricted to the night time. The seeing conditions depend on the turbulence and thermal variations in the air. Locations that are frequently cloudy or suffer from atmospheric turbulence limit the resolution of observations. Likewise the presence of the full Moon can brighten up the sky with scattered light, hindering observation of faint objects.For observation purposes, the optimal location for an optical telescope is undoubtedly in outer space. There the telescope can make observations without being affected by the atmosphere. However, at present it remains costly to lift telescopes into orbit. Thus the next best locations are certain mountain peaks that have a high number of cloudless days and generally possess good atmospheric conditions (with good seeing conditions). The peaks of the islands of Mauna Kea, Hawaii and La Palma possess these properties, as to a lesser extent do inland sites such as Llano de Chajnantor, Paranal, Cerro Tololo and La Silla in Chile. These observatory locations have attracted an assemblage of powerful telescopes, totalling many billion US dollars of investment.The darkness of the night sky is an important factor in optical astronomy. With the size of cities and human populated areas ever expanding, the amount of artificial light at night has also increased. These artificial lights produce a diffuse background illumination that makes observation of faint astronomical features very difficult without special filters. In a few locations such as the state of Arizona and in the United Kingdom, this has led to campaigns for the reduction of light pollution. The use of hoods around street lights not only improves the amount of light directed toward the ground, but also helps reduce the light directed toward the sky.Atmospheric effects (astronomical seeing) can severely hinder the resolution of a telescope. Without some means of correcting for the blurring effect of the shifting atmosphere, telescopes larger than about 15–20 cm in aperture can not achieve their theoretical resolution at visible wavelengths. As a result, the primary benefit of using very large telescopes has been the improved light-gathering capability, allowing very faint magnitudes to be observed. However the resolution handicap has begun to be overcome by adaptive optics, speckle imaging and interferometric imaging, as well as the use of space telescopes.Astronomers have a number of observational tools that they can use to make measurements of the heavens. For objects that are relatively close to the Sun and Earth, direct and very precise position measurements can be made against a more distant (and thereby nearly stationary) background. Early observations of this nature were used to develop very precise orbital models of the various planets, and to determine their respective masses and gravitational perturbations. Such measurements led to the discovery of the planets Uranus, Neptune, and (indirectly) Pluto. They also resulted in an erroneous assumption of a fictional planet Vulcan within the orbit of Mercury (but the explanation of the precession of Mercury's orbit by Einstein is considered one of the triumphs of his general relativity theory).