Lightning Protection Guide
... Parts 1 to 4 of the international IEC 62305 standard series, which was published in 2006, laid the foundation for lightning protection standards and their application. This standard series was published almost at the same time as the European lightning protection standard series EN 62305 Parts 1 to ...
... Parts 1 to 4 of the international IEC 62305 standard series, which was published in 2006, laid the foundation for lightning protection standards and their application. This standard series was published almost at the same time as the European lightning protection standard series EN 62305 Parts 1 to ...
electromagnetic radiation from lightning return strokes
... conceivable) needs to be taken into account by an additional term in the equations for the electromagnetic field, the so-called ‘turn-on’ term. A general analytical formula describing the ‘turn-on’ term associated with this discontinuity for various engineering models is derived and simulation resul ...
... conceivable) needs to be taken into account by an additional term in the equations for the electromagnetic field, the so-called ‘turn-on’ term. A general analytical formula describing the ‘turn-on’ term associated with this discontinuity for various engineering models is derived and simulation resul ...
Charge moment change and lightning
... Then it is rounded to integer of kilometers. After the lightning discharge, the high field region first appear at the top altitudes from 75–90 km, which is the altitude range of the halo. The field amplitude is very high with the peak amplitude exceeding 2 Ek. Although the normalized field is very ...
... Then it is rounded to integer of kilometers. After the lightning discharge, the high field region first appear at the top altitudes from 75–90 km, which is the altitude range of the halo. The field amplitude is very high with the peak amplitude exceeding 2 Ek. Although the normalized field is very ...
Investigations on Lightning Discharges and on the Electric - storm-t
... describedin a paper "On Some Determinations of the Sign and Magnitude of Electric Discharges in Lightning Flashes."* The induced charge on an exposed earthed conductor (test-plate or sphere) is used as a measure of the electric field. The testplate virtually forms part of a flat portion of the earth ...
... describedin a paper "On Some Determinations of the Sign and Magnitude of Electric Discharges in Lightning Flashes."* The induced charge on an exposed earthed conductor (test-plate or sphere) is used as a measure of the electric field. The testplate virtually forms part of a flat portion of the earth ...
Li, J. Q. Yang, W. Sima, C. Sun, T. Yuan, and M. Zahn, A New Estimation Model on the Lightning Shielding Performance of Transmission Lines Using a Fractal Approach, accepted for publication, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation
... lightning leader propagates vertically from a cloud towards the ground, and the leader channel has no fractal features. Once an upward leader has started on ground objects, the fractal approach can be used to simulate the upward and the downward leaders, and to study the direct lightning strike proc ...
... lightning leader propagates vertically from a cloud towards the ground, and the leader channel has no fractal features. Once an upward leader has started on ground objects, the fractal approach can be used to simulate the upward and the downward leaders, and to study the direct lightning strike proc ...
A Lightning Parameterization for Numerical Cloud Models - storm-t
... and antiparallel to the electric field) from the point of initiation. Bidirectional propagation appears to be supported by a study of sparks from ungrounded objects (Kasemir 1984) and by studies of lightning strikes to instrumented aircraft (e.g., Mazur 1989a,b). Data from three-dimensional lightnin ...
... and antiparallel to the electric field) from the point of initiation. Bidirectional propagation appears to be supported by a study of sparks from ungrounded objects (Kasemir 1984) and by studies of lightning strikes to instrumented aircraft (e.g., Mazur 1989a,b). Data from three-dimensional lightnin ...
ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΣΟΒΙΟ ΠΟΛΥΤΕΧΝΕΙΟ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΩΝ
... A thunderstorm, or an electrical storm, is a form of weather characterized by the presence of lightning and its attendant thunder. It is usually accompanied by copious rainfall, hail, or rarely, snowfall in the winter months, sometimes termed thundersnow. Thunderstorms form when significant condensa ...
... A thunderstorm, or an electrical storm, is a form of weather characterized by the presence of lightning and its attendant thunder. It is usually accompanied by copious rainfall, hail, or rarely, snowfall in the winter months, sometimes termed thundersnow. Thunderstorms form when significant condensa ...
Whistler intensities above thunderstorms
... CG discharges. The in-cloud to CG occurrence ratio at ∼ 50◦ latitude computed from an empirical relationship derived by Prentice and Mackerras (1977) is 2.3:1. The intensities of incloud lightning are relatively weaker than those of CG lightning (Betz et al., 2009). As for lightning used in our stud ...
... CG discharges. The in-cloud to CG occurrence ratio at ∼ 50◦ latitude computed from an empirical relationship derived by Prentice and Mackerras (1977) is 2.3:1. The intensities of incloud lightning are relatively weaker than those of CG lightning (Betz et al., 2009). As for lightning used in our stud ...
Lightning - Educypedia
... 20.6. Bead lightning 20.7. Other types of unusual lightning and lightning-like discharges 20.8. Concluding comments References and bibliography ...
... 20.6. Bead lightning 20.7. Other types of unusual lightning and lightning-like discharges 20.8. Concluding comments References and bibliography ...
Lightning Room education kit: Classroom activities
... someone else after walking on carpet. These incidents involve static electricity. Static electricity occurs when electric charge builds up in one place. When you rub two different materials together, you can move negative charges (electrons) from one material to the other. This is often referred to ...
... someone else after walking on carpet. These incidents involve static electricity. Static electricity occurs when electric charge builds up in one place. When you rub two different materials together, you can move negative charges (electrons) from one material to the other. This is often referred to ...
ESTIMATION OF CHARGE DURING A LIGHTNING FLASH
... differentiation waveforms (dE/dt) to detect the E-field change, and subsequently to read the amount of change from the E-field waveform (E). The main activities of FS (Field-monitoring Station) are waveform observation and the extraction of data necessary for estimating the charge amount. Sensor out ...
... differentiation waveforms (dE/dt) to detect the E-field change, and subsequently to read the amount of change from the E-field waveform (E). The main activities of FS (Field-monitoring Station) are waveform observation and the extraction of data necessary for estimating the charge amount. Sensor out ...
fulltext
... detected either from the ground or space. Examples of lightning detection from the ground are Time of Arrival (TOA), magnetic direction finding and interferometry. The interferometry technique introduced by Proctor50 is preferably used to achieve higher resolution observations and has been widely em ...
... detected either from the ground or space. Examples of lightning detection from the ground are Time of Arrival (TOA), magnetic direction finding and interferometry. The interferometry technique introduced by Proctor50 is preferably used to achieve higher resolution observations and has been widely em ...
Lightning and Boats - Holiday Harbour Marina
... In addition, there are two major types of strikes. The most common carries a negative charge from the cloud to the object struck. About ten percent of strikes carry a positive charge. These positive strikes transfer about 5 times more current than their negative counterparts. Usually there will be o ...
... In addition, there are two major types of strikes. The most common carries a negative charge from the cloud to the object struck. About ten percent of strikes carry a positive charge. These positive strikes transfer about 5 times more current than their negative counterparts. Usually there will be o ...
Tokyo Ball Lightning Paper
... and their formation, a brief review with an appropriate extension of lightning theory is necessary. Over most non-mountainous terrain lightning strokes originate with a negative darting leader which establishes a narrow conducting channel to continually lower charge (electrons) as it propagates near ...
... and their formation, a brief review with an appropriate extension of lightning theory is necessary. Over most non-mountainous terrain lightning strokes originate with a negative darting leader which establishes a narrow conducting channel to continually lower charge (electrons) as it propagates near ...
US Army Lightning Protection Safety Guide
... defenses against lightning for the protection of personnel. It provides a concise discussion of lightning phenomena, hazards, personal defenses and engineering defenses. In Army operations, lives are lost and many injuries are incurred each year by lightning. Analysis of these mishaps indicate that ...
... defenses against lightning for the protection of personnel. It provides a concise discussion of lightning phenomena, hazards, personal defenses and engineering defenses. In Army operations, lives are lost and many injuries are incurred each year by lightning. Analysis of these mishaps indicate that ...
2 Basic stages of a lightning spark
... 103 cm ) . 30kV / cm e0 Measurements of the field, produced by the charge separation in the cloud, give the values 1 – 8 kV/cm for the cloud region, and at the earth, the storm field was found to be 10 – 200 V/cm. In spite of such a low field a leader does propagate, which means, that there is ...
... 103 cm ) . 30kV / cm e0 Measurements of the field, produced by the charge separation in the cloud, give the values 1 – 8 kV/cm for the cloud region, and at the earth, the storm field was found to be 10 – 200 V/cm. In spite of such a low field a leader does propagate, which means, that there is ...
Modelling of Three–Dimensional Field Around Lightning Rods
... The downdraft creates strong gusty winds, which hit the ground and travel outwards from the storm in all directions. These winds are often very strong and can cause considerable damage to houses and bushland. ...
... The downdraft creates strong gusty winds, which hit the ground and travel outwards from the storm in all directions. These winds are often very strong and can cause considerable damage to houses and bushland. ...
The Magnetic Field Induced by a Lightning Strikes Indirect Effect
... As pointed out by Rubinstein (1996) and Weyl (1919) expressed the results of the Sommerfeld integrals for the fields from a dipole over an imperfectly conductive surface as a group of plane waves that are reflected and refracted by the ground surface at incident angles with both real and imaginary c ...
... As pointed out by Rubinstein (1996) and Weyl (1919) expressed the results of the Sommerfeld integrals for the fields from a dipole over an imperfectly conductive surface as a group of plane waves that are reflected and refracted by the ground surface at incident angles with both real and imaginary c ...
What directs a lightning flash towards ground?
... a thundercloud environment. Thus, after neutralisation of the positive charge pocket, the conducting channel may continue to grow along the direction of the ambient electric field. If the positive charge was originally located below the negative charge centre, the channel grows downwards toward the ...
... a thundercloud environment. Thus, after neutralisation of the positive charge pocket, the conducting channel may continue to grow along the direction of the ambient electric field. If the positive charge was originally located below the negative charge centre, the channel grows downwards toward the ...
Two-Dimensional Free Space Mesh Generation for Cloud-to
... accompanied by the sound of thunder. Distant lightning may be seen by human eye but may be too far away for the thunder to be heard (Uman, 1984). Many factors affect the frequency, distribution, strength and physical properties of a typical lightning flash in a particular region of the world. These ...
... accompanied by the sound of thunder. Distant lightning may be seen by human eye but may be too far away for the thunder to be heard (Uman, 1984). Many factors affect the frequency, distribution, strength and physical properties of a typical lightning flash in a particular region of the world. These ...
Electromagnetic Time Reversal File
... D. Treatment of losses Since, as mentioned in Section I, propagation over a finitely conducting ground is not time-reversal invariant, three back propagation models have been proposed by Lugrin et al. [4] to deal with the ground losses and dispersion while using EMTR for lightning location. These wi ...
... D. Treatment of losses Since, as mentioned in Section I, propagation over a finitely conducting ground is not time-reversal invariant, three back propagation models have been proposed by Lugrin et al. [4] to deal with the ground losses and dispersion while using EMTR for lightning location. These wi ...
1 The Thunderstorm - KFUPM Faculty List
... ion movement is thus largely governed by the gustiness of the wind so that pockets of positive space charge are formed in the atmosphere. Point-discharge currents and the resulting space charges play an important part in the development of the lightning discharge and in the action of a lightning con ...
... ion movement is thus largely governed by the gustiness of the wind so that pockets of positive space charge are formed in the atmosphere. Point-discharge currents and the resulting space charges play an important part in the development of the lightning discharge and in the action of a lightning con ...
A theory of ball lightning as an electric discharge
... law, as shown in figure 2 for time t = 0 µs, calculated for the case of a negative charge centre 1 m below the ground. We now consider effects which follow from there being a few seed electrons immediately above the ground. Such electrons will move upwards in the negative electric field. Their numbe ...
... law, as shown in figure 2 for time t = 0 µs, calculated for the case of a negative charge centre 1 m below the ground. We now consider effects which follow from there being a few seed electrons immediately above the ground. Such electrons will move upwards in the negative electric field. Their numbe ...
Lightning
Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge during an electrical storm between electrically charged regions of a cloud (called intra-cloud lightning or IC), between that cloud and another cloud (CC lightning), or between a cloud and the ground (CG lightning). The charged regions in the atmosphere temporarily equalize themselves through this discharge referred to as a strike if it hits an object on the ground. Although lightning is always accompanied by the sound of thunder, distant lightning may be seen but be too far away for the thunder to be heard. A lightning strike forms a visible plasma.