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2 Coordinate systems
2 Coordinate systems

... systems. Any plane passing through the center of a sphere cuts the surface in a circle which is called a great circle. Any other plane that cuts the sphere, but that does not pass through the center is a small circle. When two great circles intersect at a point they are said to include a spherical a ...
Option E Sum Pages
Option E Sum Pages

... The intensity values of starlight are extremely small and historically the intensity of stars was first described, based on mere visual observations, by dividing stars into a magnitude of class 1 (the brightest), magnitude 2 (not so bright) etc to magnitude 6 (just barely visible for the naked eye). ...
K-3 Planetarium Lesson: Our Skies
K-3 Planetarium Lesson: Our Skies

... are like our sun but are very far away. They are so far away that when we look at them from earth, they seem to be tiny. Ask what else they see. Point out the band of the Milky Way (lots of stars together!). Somebody might think of the moon. If it is visible, point it out. Mention how we sometimes d ...
Sun Misconceptions - Florida Solar Energy Center
Sun Misconceptions - Florida Solar Energy Center

... Answer: The Earth would be too cold for life as we know it to survive. In addition, even if we could figure out a way to live indoors in a climate controlled environment, the only source of energy we would have after the fossil fuels were used up would be nuclear. Incorrect Statement - The Sun radia ...
PPT - El Camino College
PPT - El Camino College

... and location of the constituents in the solar system • Sketch how the planets were formed. • Compare and contrast the terrestrial, jovian, and uranian planets. • Estimate the age of the solar system, given data on the isotopic composition of meteorites. ...
Solar space instrumentations and techniques
Solar space instrumentations and techniques

... from about 400nm (blue) to about 1050nm (Infra-red) with a peak sensitivity at around 700nm. However, using a process known as backthinning, it is possible to extend the wavelength range of a CCD down into shorter wavelengths such as the Extreme Ultraviolet and Xray. • Dynamic range: the dynamic ran ...
ph512-11-lec5
ph512-11-lec5

... aberration in the arrival direction of starlight, due to the finite speed of light (a.k.a. the umbrella effect). To high accuracy, if we look at an angle θ to the instantaneous motion with respect to some constant reference frame (say the Sun's motion), the displacement is δ θ = v sin θ /c. The ampl ...
CHAPTER 20
CHAPTER 20

... Since the Voyager spacecraft passed Neptune’s moon Triton in 1989, scientists have noticed an interesting trend in Triton’s atmosphere. Images from the Hubble Space telescope taken in 1998 indicate that Triton is going through a rapid period of global warming. As Triton warms, Frozen nitrogen on its ...
Introduction to the Planets and other solar
Introduction to the Planets and other solar

... Eccentricity (e) – a measure of the elongation of the object’s orbit about the Sun. Values range typically from between 0 (circular) to 1 (straight line). For comets values of e can be greater than 1, in which case the orbit is hyperbolic. Period (P) – how long does it take to go around once. Semi-m ...
Planets in the Sky
Planets in the Sky

... What is the Morning star and the Evening star? What makes the observing Mercury so difficult? What is the phase of Venus when it is brightest? Why isn’t Venus brightest when it is in full (or near full) phase? What makes Venus the brightest planet visible from the Earth? Ancient astronomers could no ...
CHAPTER 20
CHAPTER 20

... Since the Voyager spacecraft passed Neptune’s moon Triton in 1989, scientists have noticed an interesting trend in Triton’s atmosphere. Images from the Hubble Space telescope taken in 1998 indicate that Triton is going through a rapid period of global warming. As Triton warms, Frozen nitrogen on its ...
Astronomy 114 Problem Set # 7 Due: 30 Apr 2007 SOLUTIONS 1
Astronomy 114 Problem Set # 7 Due: 30 Apr 2007 SOLUTIONS 1

... from very nearby standard candles. One example is the Cepheid Variable that we often use to determine the distance of galaxies. By accurately measuring the parallax of nearby Cepheid Variables we can then determine the correlation between their luminosity and luminosity variability period. Using thi ...
Solutions - UC Berkeley Astronomy w
Solutions - UC Berkeley Astronomy w

... The original Big Bang theory did not explain the incredible uniformity of the Universe nor its flat geometry. By uniformity we mean that when we look at the CMB in opposite directions in the sky, they have the same temperature (with small differences in ripples), but these two regions could never ha ...
Stargazing in ancient Egypt
Stargazing in ancient Egypt

... the attention of any inquisitive person. Phenomena that typically go unnoticed today would have been obvious to anyone who looked. As in all primitive cultures, the sky was ...
Venus - TeacherWeb
Venus - TeacherWeb

... a bright star. Because of the million miles. atmosphere of Venus There are over 1600 we are unable to see Venus in major volcanoes, the surface from Real mountains, large earth. Color. highland terrains, and vast lava plains. ...
Professor Emeritus, University of Canterbury Yevgeny Lifshitz
Professor Emeritus, University of Canterbury Yevgeny Lifshitz

... is the equivalent of a straight line in Euclidean space. As the Earth moves around the sun it thinks that it is moving on a straight line! ...
PART 1 OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 4.1 INTRODUCTION
PART 1 OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 4.1 INTRODUCTION

... First proposed by Gerard Kuiper in 1951, many small icy objects, which have also been called “trans-Neptunian” objects and “ice dwarfs,” have now been observed beyond the orbit of Neptune. There are thousands of Kuiper belt objects known to exist including several discovered more recently that rival ...
Sun - El Camino College
Sun - El Camino College

... seen through the telescopes. This sketch should include any visible large sunspots, including the penumbrae and umbrae, any visible faculae, and limb darkening. A careful eye will see all of these. Switch to high magnification and draw detailed sketches of the visible items listed above. Also do a d ...
our brightest star - El Camino College
our brightest star - El Camino College

... seen through the telescopes. This sketch should include any visible large sunspots, including the penumbrae and umbrae, any visible faculae, and limb darkening. A careful eye will see all of these. Switch to high magnification and draw detailed sketches of the visible items listed above. Also do a d ...
gravitation - DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska
gravitation - DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

Lecture 5: The H-R diagram, standard candles and cosmic distances
Lecture 5: The H-R diagram, standard candles and cosmic distances

... lines, coupled with position on the HR diagram, then comparing this with its apparent magnitude allows its distance to be estimated (see notes from Lecture 3). •  This method of distance estimation is (unfortunately) referred to as spectroscopic parallax - it is not a parallax method at all! It does ...
HW6 due - Yale Astronomy
HW6 due - Yale Astronomy

... Astronomy  120  "Galaxies  and  the  Universe"                                                                                                              Spring  2016   Homew ...
Loops of Jupiter
Loops of Jupiter

... with time. Sometimes a planet moves seemingly in the opposite direction (retrograde motion) and then its ecliptic longitude decreases with time. The second coordinate of a planet is called latitude β but we will not use it as it changes slightly. An observer on Earth determines the position of a pla ...
photosphere
photosphere

... matter to reveal the secrets of the sun. Because the sun is a typical star, what you are about to learn are the secrets of the stars. This chapter will help you answer three essential ...
Lecture 43
Lecture 43

... a much smaller atmosphere than the Earth (surface pressures are 0.006 atm). The Martian atmosphere is dominated by CO2, with N2 as the second most abundant component. However, significant amounts of liquid water existed on the Martian surface during its first billion years or so, and there is eviden ...
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Astronomical unit

The astronomical unit (symbol au, AU or ua) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from the Earth to the Sun. However, that distance varies as the Earth orbits the Sun, from a maximum (aphelion) to a minimum (perihelion) and back again once a year. Originally conceived as the average of Earth's aphelion and perihelion, it is now defined as exactly 7011149597870700000♠149597870700 meters (about 150 million kilometers, or 93 million miles). The astronomical unit is used primarily as a convenient yardstick for measuring distances within the Solar System or around other stars. However, it is also a fundamental component in the definition of another unit of astronomical length, the parsec.
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