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White Dwarf Stars
White Dwarf Stars

... • Recently, Joe Taylor and Russell Hulse won a Nobel Prize for their study of pulsars. • These objects act as cosmic clocks and are useful for probing the dynamics of stars. ...
Observing the Solar System
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... continue in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place. The more mass an object has, the more inertia it has. • The force of gravity attracts all objects towards each other. No one is for sure how gravity works or why it is present. • As the planets are in orbit around the sun the sun ...
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Clicker Frequency Setting Lecture 2 Outline

... The DIRECTNESS of the rays is what causes the seasons to occur - summer (N. Hemisphere) – more VERTICAL RAYS - winter (N. Hemisphere) – fewer VERTICAL RAYS Fact 1: Earth-Sun distance only changes by 3% over the year Fact 2: Earth is actually closest to the Sun during January!! ...
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... __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ B. Describe how the characteristics identified in p ...
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... 19) Suppose you see two stars: a blue star and a red star. Which of the following can you conclude about the two stars? Assume that no Doppler shifts are involved. A) The red star is more massive than the blue star. B) The blue star is more massive than the red star. C) The blue star has a hotter su ...
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... sky  darkens.    Jupiter,  which  has  been  our  “Evening  Star”  since  about  mid-­March  has  now  moved  farther   to  the  west  and  shines  brightly  about  a  third  of  the  way  up  in  the  southwest  as  the  sky  darkens.    It  is   quickly  sinking  into  the  west  and  will  be  lo ...
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... sky darkens. Jupiter, which has been our “Evening Star” since about mid-March has now moved farther to the west and shines brightly about a third of the way up in the southwest as the sky darkens. It is quickly sinking into the west and will be lost to us by early September. The red planet Mars is w ...
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... from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory (blue) and optical light from the Hubble Space Telescope (red and purple). This famous object represents a phase of evolution that our Sun will experience several billion years from now. When a Sunlike star begins to run out of fuel, it sheds some of its outer l ...
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... much different paths of evolution. • Exist as a main sequence for a much shorter time, about 100 million years. • These stars still turn into super giants. • They then undergo a supernova and quickly collapse forming a center that is so dense only neutrons can exist (neutron star) • Even larger star ...
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... by nuclear fusion. This is a process whereby hydrogen atoms are fused together to create helium atoms. In the process a tremendous amount of energy is given off in the form of electromagnetic waves and heat. There are billions of stars in a galaxy. When you look up into the night sky, most of the st ...
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... Other forms of electromagnetic radiation are radio waves and x-rays. Waves with different wavelengths make up the electrostatic spectrum. Other devices have been invented that will detect wavelengths different than those detected by the eyes (e.g., infra-red). The Brightness of Stars - The luminosit ...
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... Justification: Massive stars end their lives in huge explosions that astronomers call supernovae. As much as 90% of the star’s material can be thrown off during the explosion and, in the process, new (heavier) elements are made, and then distributed at high speed into the Galaxy. In many ways, life ...
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Ursa Minor



Ursa Minor (Latin: ""Smaller She-Bear"", contrasting with Ursa Major), also known as the Little Bear, is a constellation in the northern sky. Like the Great Bear, the tail of the Little Bear may also be seen as the handle of a ladle, hence the name Little Dipper. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Ursa Minor has traditionally been important for navigation, particularly by mariners, due to Polaris being the North Star.Polaris, the brightest star in the constellation, is a yellow-white supergiant and the brightest Cepheid variable star in the night sky, ranging from apparent magnitude 1.97 to 2.00. Beta Ursae Minoris, also known as Kochab, is an aging star that has swollen and cooled to become an orange giant with an apparent magnitude of 2.08, only slightly fainter than Polaris. Kochab and magnitude 3 Gamma Ursae Minoris have been called the ""guardians of the pole star"". Planets have been detected orbiting four of the stars, including Kochab. The constellation also contains an isolated neutron star—Calvera—and H1504+65, the hottest white dwarf yet discovered with a surface temperature of 200,000 K.
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