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The Big Bang Is Bunk - 21stcenturysciencetech.com
The Big Bang Is Bunk - 21stcenturysciencetech.com

... and are independent of distance from the observer. The Doppler phenomenon has been used since the last quarter of the 19th century to study double stars, motions of the Sun, and rotation of celestial objects. There are always equal and opposite redshifts and blueshifts separated by null. The shifts ...
Life Cycle of Stars
Life Cycle of Stars

... temperature of a star determines its color – from cool, red stars to hot, blue ones. The Sun is a medium temperature yellow star. Around 1910, astronomers Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Russell independently developed what is now known as the Hertzsprung-Russell or H-R diagram. This graph plots the rel ...
On the Moon, this crater rules. Copernicus, King of Craters
On the Moon, this crater rules. Copernicus, King of Craters

... The round one that appears above Andromeda’s disk is called M32. The oval one below, which looks ...
Segment 1 - Knowitall.org
Segment 1 - Knowitall.org

... planet–a heavenly body other than a comet, asteroid, or satellite that travels in orbit around the Sun; also such a body orbiting another star solar system–a star with the group of heavenly bodies that revolve around it; especially the Sun with the planets, asteroids, comets, and meteors that orbit ...
star - TeacherWeb
star - TeacherWeb

... toward the red end of the spectrum. Light from stars that are moving toward the Earth is shifted slightly toward the blue end of the spectrum. When a source of light (like a star) is stationary, the wavelengths of light remain the same distance apart. When a source of light is moving toward you, the ...
The Milky Way
The Milky Way

... Outward pressure force must exactly balance the weight of all layers above everywhere in the star. This condition uniquely determines the interior structure of the star. This is why we find stable stars on such a narrow strip (Main Sequence) in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. ...
The Milky Way - Houston Community College System
The Milky Way - Houston Community College System

... The last chapter introduced you to the gas and dust between the stars that are raw material for new stars. Here you will begin putting together observations and theories to learn how nature makes stars from the interstellar medium, and to understand the internal structure of stars. That will answer ...
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

... known as the Milky Way, itself one of billions of galaxies. Yet at the same time, we can take heart in knowing that our little tract of the universe remains exceptional as the only place where we know life exists. Our solar system hosts one abode for life, Earth, but in decades to come we may learn ...
intergalactic move
intergalactic move

... shapes and sizes. Just like people’s houses, which rarely ever look exactly the same, there are different types of galaxies. Galaxies are described based on the way they look. There are three main types of galaxies called ellipticals, spirals, and galaxies that don’t really have a recognisable shape ...
April - Bristol Astronomical Society
April - Bristol Astronomical Society

... There are no Messier objects in Crater, however there are a number of galaxies from the NGC catalogue. NGC 3887 and NGC 3511 and NGC 3513 are the among the easier targets for amateur observers. NGC 3887 is an 11th magnitude barred spiral which lies within the bowl of Crater, to the northwest of zeta ...
Galaxy Powerpoint Notes
Galaxy Powerpoint Notes

... name ‘irregular’. They are very uncommon within our universe though they are believed to once be spiral or elliptical galaxies that were altered by a gravitational pull. Irregular galaxies contain an abundant amount of gas and dust. Examples of irregular galaxies include Whirlpool Galaxy, Hoag’s Gal ...
FIRST LIGHT IN THE UNIVERSE
FIRST LIGHT IN THE UNIVERSE

... formation in the Universe • We have a good understanding of the evolution of the co-moving density of SF since z~3 which accounts for the observed stellar mass density at z=0. Half the stars we see today were formed by z~2. • Galaxy populations identified by various means (sub-mm, LBGs, BzK, DRG..) ...
The Milky Way Galaxy - d_smith.lhseducators.com
The Milky Way Galaxy - d_smith.lhseducators.com

... – Contains almost exclusively VERY old stars (population II stars). – These stars are low in heavy elements, meaning that they’re as old as the ...
High-Speed Ballistic Stellar Interlopers
High-Speed Ballistic Stellar Interlopers

... indicates that the stars are traveling fast with respect to their surroundings—roughly five times faster than typical young stars. The interlopers were most likely ejected from massive star clusters. Assuming their youthful phase lasts only a million years and they are traveling 100,000 miles per ho ...
study guide
study guide

... • Some small rocky/iron material in core • Consequence of formation location ...
Binocular Sky Newsletter
Binocular Sky Newsletter

... In October, we are able to look out of the plane of the Galaxy during the evening. This makes more globular clusters and galaxies available for observation. Very well placed this month are M81 (Bode's Nebula) and M82 (The Cigar Galaxy), both of which are easy in a 50mm binocular. These can be used a ...
Finding the Andromeda Galaxy
Finding the Andromeda Galaxy

... Did you know that from Australia you can easily see four naked eye galaxies in the sky? These are our "Milky Way", the "Large Magellanic Cloud", the "Small Magellanic Cloud" and the "Andromeda Galaxy" (Messier Catalogue No. 31) you see in the astronomy books. The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is well in th ...
Glossary Topics - Home - DMNS Galaxy Guide Portal
Glossary Topics - Home - DMNS Galaxy Guide Portal

... scientists observe the star wobbling to and fro from gravity. Much the same way binary stars pull each other in orbit around each other, a planet pulls on its parent star just a little bit. We use this information to determine the size of the orbit and the mass of the planet. In a few rare cases we ...
Chapter 16 Galaxies and Dark Matter
Chapter 16 Galaxies and Dark Matter

... distribution inferred from galaxy motion. ...
Globular Clusters
Globular Clusters

... the so-called RR LYRAE STARS. These stars have light variation amplitudes less than a couple of magnitudes and periods ranging from 0.2 to 1.1 days. Since their mean absolute magnitude is constant and fairly independent of metallicity (to within 0.3 mag), the RR Lyrae variables and the GCs, in turn, ...
2P05.pdf
2P05.pdf

... Institute for VLBI in Europe, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands ...
Document
Document

... diameter, and their masses are between 10,000 and 1,000,000 times the mass of our Sun. ...
30 Doradus - HubbleSOURCE
30 Doradus - HubbleSOURCE

... diameter, and their masses are between 10,000 and 1,000,000 times the mass of our Sun. ...
Procedurally Generating an Artificial Galaxy
Procedurally Generating an Artificial Galaxy

... While you have the ability to roll a die, spin a wheel or toss a coin to generate random numbers, computers are restricted to so-called pseudorandom number generators (PRNG's). Their basic principal is simple: an input number, called a seed, is transformed into a seemingly random output number by an ...
Diffuse Ultraviolet Emission in Galaxies
Diffuse Ultraviolet Emission in Galaxies

... of UV radiation each star produces. We focused on the hottest, most massive stars, which are the only ones capable of producing large amounts of UV radiation. We divided these stars into two groups, using their traditional names: “O-type” stars, with initial masses >20 Msun and lifespans < 5 Myr, a ...
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Cosmic distance ladder



The cosmic distance ladder (also known as the extragalactic distance scale) is the succession of methods by which astronomers determine the distances to celestial objects. A real direct distance measurement of an astronomical object is possible only for those objects that are ""close enough"" (within about a thousand parsecs) to Earth. The techniques for determining distances to more distant objects are all based on various measured correlations between methods that work at close distances and methods that work at larger distances. Several methods rely on a standard candle, which is an astronomical object that has a known luminosity.The ladder analogy arises because no one technique can measure distances at all ranges encountered in astronomy. Instead, one method can be used to measure nearby distances, a second can be used to measure nearby to intermediate distances, and so on. Each rung of the ladder provides information that can be used to determine the distances at the next higher rung.
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