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3. Semiconductor solar cells - Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto
3. Semiconductor solar cells - Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto

... technology since they possess potential for reaching ultra-high conversion efficiencies, i.e. more than 50 %. In multijunction approach the solar spectrum is split between multiple subcells that each convert different parts of the solar spectrum into electricity according to the material properties ...
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... Fluorescence by a protein is complex when there is more than one aromatic side chain. The proximity of aromatic groups in a folded protein results in efficient energy transfer between these groups. Light absorbed by one chromophore is transferred to another that absorbs at a longer wavelength, which ...
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... Energy was defined as the ability to do work. If an object begins moving, then work is being done on it, and therefore, some form of energy is being used. We refer back to this idea to demonstrate some of the many forms that energy can take. It is suggested that a list of energy forms be generated b ...
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Thermophotovoltaic

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion is a direct conversion process from heat to electricity via photons. A basic thermophotovoltaic system consists of a thermal emitter and a photovoltaic diode cell.The temperature of the thermal emitter varies between different systems from about 900 °C to about 1300 °C, although in principle TPV devices can extract energy from any emitter with temperature elevated above that of the photovoltaic device (forming an optical heat engine). The emitter can be a piece of solid material or a specially engineered structure.Thermal emission is the spontaneous emission of photons due to thermal motion of charges in the material. For normal TPV temperatures, this radiation is mostly at near infrared and infrared frequencies. The photovoltaic diodes can absorb some of these radiated photons and convert them into free charge carriers, that is electricity.Thermophotovoltaic systems have few, if any, moving parts and are therefore very quiet and require low maintenance. These properties make thermophotovoltaic systems suitable for remote-site and portable electricity-generating applications. Their efficiency-cost properties, however, are often rather poor compared to other electricity-generating technologies. Current research in the area aims at increasing the system efficiencies while keeping the system cost low. In the design of a TPV system, it is usually desired to match the optical properties of thermal emission (wavelength, polarization, direction) with the most efficient conversion characteristics of the photovoltaic cell, since unconverted thermal emission is a major source of inefficiency. Most groups focus on gallium antimonide (GaSb) cells. Germanium (Ge) is also suitable. Much research and development in TPVs therefore concerns methods for controlling the emitter's properties.TPV cells have often been proposed as auxiliary power conversion devices for regeneration of lost heat in other power generation systems, such as steam turbine systems or solar cells. A prototype TPV hybrid car was even built. The ""Viking 29"" (TPV) powered automobile, designed and built by the Vehicle Research Institute (VRI) at Western Washington University.TPV research is a very active area. Among others, the University of Houston TPV Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology development effort is aiming at combining thermophotovoltaic cell concurrently with thermocouples to provide a 3 to 4-fold improvement in system efficiency over current radioisotope thermoelectric generators.
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