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Biology and Behavior
Biology and Behavior

... A. PET and fMRI scans, which measure neuronal activity, have shown that brain functioning changes with age. 1. Newborns’ brain activity is high in the thalamus and low in the part of the forebrain related to smooth movement. This pattern of brain activity and motor function resembles that seen after ...
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... The supplementary motor area and the premotor cortex are involved in the planning of movements and they execute these plans through their connections with the primary motor cortex. These regions become activated with people imagine or actually perform these actions. The motor association cortex is a ...
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Observational Learning Based on Models of - FORTH-ICS

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... Lg. and sm. hemispheres cover most of the brain stem Adjust voluntary and involuntary motor activities based on sensory info. and stored memories of previous movements Controls balance and posture ...
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section 3 - the nervous system and sensory physiology

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... four forearm muscles. From Shinoda, Yokota, and Futami (1981). (B) Action potentials in a cortical neuron (top trace) are followed at a fixed latency by peaks of postspike facilitation in EMGs recorded from four of six recorded forearm muscles (lower traces), consistent with monosynaptic excitation ...
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NeuroMuscular Junction and Excitation Coupling IP

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Embodied language processing

Embodied cognition occurs when an organism’s sensorimotor capacities (ability of the body to respond to its senses with movement), body and environment play an important role in thinking. The way in which a person’s body and their surroundings interacts also allows for specific brain functions to develop and in the future to be able to act. This means that not only does the mind influence the body’s movements, but the body also influences the abilities of the mind. There are three generalizations that are assumed to be true relating to embodied cognition. A person's motor system (that controls movement of the body) is activated when (1) they observe manipulable objects, (2) process action verbs, and (3) observe another individual's movements.In order to create movement of the body, a person usually thinks (or the brain subconsciously functions) about the movement it would like to accomplish. Embodied language processing asserts that there can also be an opposite influence. This means that moving your body in a certain way will impact how you comprehend, as well as process, language – whether it is an individual word or a complete phrase or sentence. Embodied language processing suggests that the brain resources that are used for perception, action, and emotion are also used during language comprehension. Studies have found that participants are faster at comprehending a sentence when the picture that goes along with it matches the actions described in the sentence. Action and language about action have been found to be connected because the areas of the brain that control them overlap It has been found that action can influence how a person understands a word, phrase, or sentence, but language can also impact a person's actions.
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