Self-Organizing Maps
... weights for all neurons on the map so that every neuron has a different set of starting weights from every other neuron. Each neuron has one weight for every attribute in the dataset. For example, the dataset used in this paper has 6 attributes so initially each neuron on the map would have 6 random ...
... weights for all neurons on the map so that every neuron has a different set of starting weights from every other neuron. Each neuron has one weight for every attribute in the dataset. For example, the dataset used in this paper has 6 attributes so initially each neuron on the map would have 6 random ...
Introductory chapter
... pumps; these pumps in turn are powered by chemical energy from the cell's metabolism. Hodgkin and Huxley (1952a, 1952b, 1952c) analyzed the electrical dynamics of the cell membrane in the giant axon of squid, and showed that these dynamics could be described with relatively simple phenomenological m ...
... pumps; these pumps in turn are powered by chemical energy from the cell's metabolism. Hodgkin and Huxley (1952a, 1952b, 1952c) analyzed the electrical dynamics of the cell membrane in the giant axon of squid, and showed that these dynamics could be described with relatively simple phenomenological m ...
Circuits, Circuits
... After learning, S will only fire when B & D are active (i.e. after a time interval of duration = t1). Details are unclear as to whether A & C develop inhibitory links to S. In future (e.g. when repeating the dance), the instructor still says ”Go”, which again resets the cortical oscillators, but now ...
... After learning, S will only fire when B & D are active (i.e. after a time interval of duration = t1). Details are unclear as to whether A & C develop inhibitory links to S. In future (e.g. when repeating the dance), the instructor still says ”Go”, which again resets the cortical oscillators, but now ...
Neurons with Two Sites of Synaptic Integration Learn Invariant
... 1.3 Invariances by Preprocessing. Due to the advantages they offer to recognition systems, these invariances are frequently used in preprocessing for neural systems (Bishop, 1995). Applying a Fourier transformation and discarding the phase information produces data that are invariant with respect to ...
... 1.3 Invariances by Preprocessing. Due to the advantages they offer to recognition systems, these invariances are frequently used in preprocessing for neural systems (Bishop, 1995). Applying a Fourier transformation and discarding the phase information produces data that are invariant with respect to ...
Neurons & the Nervous System
... • Synapse (synaptic cleft): gap between dendrites of one neuron and axon of another • Receptor sites: parts of dendrite which receive neurotransmitters ...
... • Synapse (synaptic cleft): gap between dendrites of one neuron and axon of another • Receptor sites: parts of dendrite which receive neurotransmitters ...
Synaptic energy efficiency in retinal processing
... is applied iteratively to each filter wn whose cost is greater than the constraint, where k is a very small constant. In this model, the weights used for each receptive field are also used in the reverse direction to reconstruct the image. Therefore the forward weights (W) are implicitly constrained t ...
... is applied iteratively to each filter wn whose cost is greater than the constraint, where k is a very small constant. In this model, the weights used for each receptive field are also used in the reverse direction to reconstruct the image. Therefore the forward weights (W) are implicitly constrained t ...
Reaching for the brain: stimulating neural activity as the big leap in
... that their axons travelled to the proper target neurons in the brain, while partial recovery of some vision-driven behaviors confirmed that at least part of them successfully established new synapses. Overall, these data provide the first indication of an experimental treatment that can overcome (so ...
... that their axons travelled to the proper target neurons in the brain, while partial recovery of some vision-driven behaviors confirmed that at least part of them successfully established new synapses. Overall, these data provide the first indication of an experimental treatment that can overcome (so ...
Cognitive Training Enhances Intrinsic Brain Connectivity in Childhood
... Data were sampled at 1 kHz and signals slower than 0.01 Hz were not recorded. A 3D digitizer (FASTRACK; Polhemus) was used to record the positions of five head position indicator (HPI) coils and 50 –100 additional points evenly distributed over the scalp, all relative to the nasion and left and righ ...
... Data were sampled at 1 kHz and signals slower than 0.01 Hz were not recorded. A 3D digitizer (FASTRACK; Polhemus) was used to record the positions of five head position indicator (HPI) coils and 50 –100 additional points evenly distributed over the scalp, all relative to the nasion and left and righ ...
Emergence of new signal-primitives in neural systems
... Emergence is the process by which new structures and functions come into being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de no ...
... Emergence is the process by which new structures and functions come into being. There are two fundamental, but complementary, conceptions of emergence: combinatoric emergence, wherein novelty arises by new combinations of pre-existing elements, and creative emergence, wherein novelty arises by de no ...
Computational Methods for Agricultural Research - wiki DPI
... grid, usually bidimensional and fully connected (Figure 1a). Each neuron j has one codevector wj=[wj1,wj2,…,wjd]T associated to it. The main goal of this ANN is to order, by a learning algorithm, the input dataset into the neural grid, using the codevectors (wj) as representations of the input data ...
... grid, usually bidimensional and fully connected (Figure 1a). Each neuron j has one codevector wj=[wj1,wj2,…,wjd]T associated to it. The main goal of this ANN is to order, by a learning algorithm, the input dataset into the neural grid, using the codevectors (wj) as representations of the input data ...
Engines of the brain
... Figure 3. Thalamocortical loops. Complex circuitry (a) can be thought of in terms of two embedded loops: one (b) largely topographic, and incorporating negative feedback (− ) ; the other (c) largely non-topographic, and driven by positive feedback (see text). Thalamocortical “core” circuits. In the ...
... Figure 3. Thalamocortical loops. Complex circuitry (a) can be thought of in terms of two embedded loops: one (b) largely topographic, and incorporating negative feedback (− ) ; the other (c) largely non-topographic, and driven by positive feedback (see text). Thalamocortical “core” circuits. In the ...
A neuropsychological theory of metaphor
... in the cognitive study of metaphor, ÔThought is metaphoric, and proceeds by comparison, and the metaphors of language derive therefromÕ (Richards, 1936, p. 94). What we hope to present herein is an explanation of why thought should be metaphoric, given the way that the human mind–brain is constructe ...
... in the cognitive study of metaphor, ÔThought is metaphoric, and proceeds by comparison, and the metaphors of language derive therefromÕ (Richards, 1936, p. 94). What we hope to present herein is an explanation of why thought should be metaphoric, given the way that the human mind–brain is constructe ...
Copy of Development of the spinal cord
... • The spinal cord is formed from the neural tube caudal to somites 4. • The central canal is formed by week 9 or 10 . • Pseudostratified, columnar neuroepithelium in the walls constitute the ventricular zone (ependymal layer) and give rise to all neurons and macroglial cells (astroglia and oligoden ...
... • The spinal cord is formed from the neural tube caudal to somites 4. • The central canal is formed by week 9 or 10 . • Pseudostratified, columnar neuroepithelium in the walls constitute the ventricular zone (ependymal layer) and give rise to all neurons and macroglial cells (astroglia and oligoden ...
Development of the spinal cord
... • The spinal cord is formed from the neural tube caudal to somites 4. • The central canal is formed by week 9 or 10 . • Pseudostratified, columnar neuroepithelium in the walls constitute the ventricular zone (ependymal layer) and give rise to all neurons and macroglial cells (astroglia and oligoden ...
... • The spinal cord is formed from the neural tube caudal to somites 4. • The central canal is formed by week 9 or 10 . • Pseudostratified, columnar neuroepithelium in the walls constitute the ventricular zone (ependymal layer) and give rise to all neurons and macroglial cells (astroglia and oligoden ...
Atomic computing-a different perspective on massively parallel
... of the system: Each point recomputes its state as and when prompted by a packet of data that tells it that a neighbour has changed state (figure 1). Each point does this as fast as it can, and convergence of the overall cohort is indicated by the system-wide flux of packets asymptoting to zero - the ...
... of the system: Each point recomputes its state as and when prompted by a packet of data that tells it that a neighbour has changed state (figure 1). Each point does this as fast as it can, and convergence of the overall cohort is indicated by the system-wide flux of packets asymptoting to zero - the ...
Population vectors and motor cortex: neural coding or
... pivotal role in controlling volitional movement, yet there is considerable debate as to how best to interpret neural activity in this brain region. The traditional approach, first introduced by Ed Evarts almost forty years ago, relates the activity of motor cortical neurons to variables such as move ...
... pivotal role in controlling volitional movement, yet there is considerable debate as to how best to interpret neural activity in this brain region. The traditional approach, first introduced by Ed Evarts almost forty years ago, relates the activity of motor cortical neurons to variables such as move ...
Signaling in large-scale neural networks
... rarely directly relatable to singular events in other neurons or in the outside world. Because neurons process synaptic input and reduce information, it is impossible to reconstruct their input patterns entirely from their output. In addition, it is practically never possible to record all the presy ...
... rarely directly relatable to singular events in other neurons or in the outside world. Because neurons process synaptic input and reduce information, it is impossible to reconstruct their input patterns entirely from their output. In addition, it is practically never possible to record all the presy ...
The Resilience of Computationalism - Philsci
... formulation is entirely adequate for the role computationalism plays in science. Scientists who carry out computationalist research programs offer computational explanations of cognitive tasks. Such explanations are usually formulated in terms of computations over representations, presupposing some ...
... formulation is entirely adequate for the role computationalism plays in science. Scientists who carry out computationalist research programs offer computational explanations of cognitive tasks. Such explanations are usually formulated in terms of computations over representations, presupposing some ...