Computational physics: Neural networks
... distributed computing in the brain. The neuron is the central computing element of the brain which performs a non-linear input to output mapping between its synaptic inputs and its spiky output. The neurons are connected by synaptic junctions, thus forming a neural network. A central question is how ...
... distributed computing in the brain. The neuron is the central computing element of the brain which performs a non-linear input to output mapping between its synaptic inputs and its spiky output. The neurons are connected by synaptic junctions, thus forming a neural network. A central question is how ...
Neural mechanisms underlying the evolvability of behaviour
... Having a single receptor gene expressed per sensory cell has been thought to be important for the circuits to encode differences in the responses to each of the receptor types. It was asserted that there may be developmental mechanisms present in many sensory systems across phyla, which allow just a ...
... Having a single receptor gene expressed per sensory cell has been thought to be important for the circuits to encode differences in the responses to each of the receptor types. It was asserted that there may be developmental mechanisms present in many sensory systems across phyla, which allow just a ...
Insights from models of rhythmic motor systems
... Eupneic rhythm: The rhythmic respiratory activity associated with normal, unlabored breathing. Follower neurons: Neurons that are rhythmically active as part of a pattern-generating circuit in response to rhythmic synaptic inputs, but that do not generate rhythmic activity themselves when isolated f ...
... Eupneic rhythm: The rhythmic respiratory activity associated with normal, unlabored breathing. Follower neurons: Neurons that are rhythmically active as part of a pattern-generating circuit in response to rhythmic synaptic inputs, but that do not generate rhythmic activity themselves when isolated f ...
lateral horns of gray matter
... Have primary connections with other parts of the brain, such as the thalamus, fornix, septal nuclei, amygdaloid nucleus, and hypothalamus ...
... Have primary connections with other parts of the brain, such as the thalamus, fornix, septal nuclei, amygdaloid nucleus, and hypothalamus ...
Historical analysis of the neural control of movement from the
... motor acts in humans. Moreover, because of their differences, it is very hard to interpret experiments in which some maneuver affects the jerk and the H reflex differentially. Every tool has to be critically tested and scrutinized before it can be widely deployed. Every new method provides a wonderf ...
... motor acts in humans. Moreover, because of their differences, it is very hard to interpret experiments in which some maneuver affects the jerk and the H reflex differentially. Every tool has to be critically tested and scrutinized before it can be widely deployed. Every new method provides a wonderf ...
Evolution of Animal Neural Systems
... cell types beside neurons are nervous, i.e. electrically excitable, and exist in systems, such as pancreatic or muscle cells. Plants and unicellular organisms also make use of electrical excitability to mediate behavior (see below), but are not said to have nervous systems. It is the presence of neu ...
... cell types beside neurons are nervous, i.e. electrically excitable, and exist in systems, such as pancreatic or muscle cells. Plants and unicellular organisms also make use of electrical excitability to mediate behavior (see below), but are not said to have nervous systems. It is the presence of neu ...
C. elegans Neurology Supplement - Bio-Rad
... transmit signals to other neurons or effector cells; and an axon hillock, the point at which the cell body and axon meet that serves as the point for generation of action potentials. One major difference between C. elegans neurons and human neurons is that C. elegans neurons are never wrapped in mye ...
... transmit signals to other neurons or effector cells; and an axon hillock, the point at which the cell body and axon meet that serves as the point for generation of action potentials. One major difference between C. elegans neurons and human neurons is that C. elegans neurons are never wrapped in mye ...
Preprint - University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences
... Sensory “encoding” models, which describe how the inputs to a neuron are converted into its responses, have proven effective in a broad array of sensory modalities, brain areas, and species (e.g. Eggermont, Aertsen and Johannesma 1983, Jones and Palmer 1987, DiCarlo, Johnson and Hsiao 1998). Within ...
... Sensory “encoding” models, which describe how the inputs to a neuron are converted into its responses, have proven effective in a broad array of sensory modalities, brain areas, and species (e.g. Eggermont, Aertsen and Johannesma 1983, Jones and Palmer 1987, DiCarlo, Johnson and Hsiao 1998). Within ...
biological bases of behavior
... Made up of several glial cells, insulates the axon to make sure no random signals get in and no signals slip out The areas between the synaptic end bulbs and dendrites of another neuron where neurotransmitters are released and taken. The brain’s ability to recover from brain/nerve damage by possibly ...
... Made up of several glial cells, insulates the axon to make sure no random signals get in and no signals slip out The areas between the synaptic end bulbs and dendrites of another neuron where neurotransmitters are released and taken. The brain’s ability to recover from brain/nerve damage by possibly ...
Comprehensive imaging of cortical networks
... These methods can dramatically improve signal levels for small structures that are on the order of or smaller than the two-photon excitation volume, such as spines and axons, but have more modest effects on images of larger structures [62]. Wave front engineering can also correct for strong local s ...
... These methods can dramatically improve signal levels for small structures that are on the order of or smaller than the two-photon excitation volume, such as spines and axons, but have more modest effects on images of larger structures [62]. Wave front engineering can also correct for strong local s ...
Document
... – Recent development of sophisticated computer methods allow detailed images of human brain without damaging or distressing patient • Methods include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) ...
... – Recent development of sophisticated computer methods allow detailed images of human brain without damaging or distressing patient • Methods include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) ...
EEG - OCIBME
... General anatomic directions of orientation in the nervous system are superimposed on the diagrams. Here the terms rostral (toward head), caudal (toward tail), dorsal (back), and ventral (front) are associated with the brainstem; remaining terms are associated with the cerebrum. The terms medial and ...
... General anatomic directions of orientation in the nervous system are superimposed on the diagrams. Here the terms rostral (toward head), caudal (toward tail), dorsal (back), and ventral (front) are associated with the brainstem; remaining terms are associated with the cerebrum. The terms medial and ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... 3.1. Anatomical considerations 3.2. Physiological considerations 3.3. Pharmacological and Biochemical considerations ...
... 3.1. Anatomical considerations 3.2. Physiological considerations 3.3. Pharmacological and Biochemical considerations ...
No Slide Title
... Nerve Cuff Electrodes • This automatic spiraling electrode is designed to form to the natural shape of the nerve. The cuff electrode has four contracts that can be grouped together to create a stimulation that will activate groups of muscles. ...
... Nerve Cuff Electrodes • This automatic spiraling electrode is designed to form to the natural shape of the nerve. The cuff electrode has four contracts that can be grouped together to create a stimulation that will activate groups of muscles. ...
A unifying view of the basis of social cognition
... In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others’ actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechan ...
... In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others’ actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechan ...
Gross Anatomy
... • A gene that helps determine the size of the human brain has been under intense Darwinian pressure in the last few million years. • It has changed its structure 15 times since humans and chimps separated from their common ancestor. • Evolution has been particularly intense in the five million years ...
... • A gene that helps determine the size of the human brain has been under intense Darwinian pressure in the last few million years. • It has changed its structure 15 times since humans and chimps separated from their common ancestor. • Evolution has been particularly intense in the five million years ...
Memory formation: from network structure to neural dynamics
... or, even more globally, between different brain modalities, it is important to understand how these ensembles self-organize to generate desired functions (movement, memory storage/recall, etc.) (Hebb 1949; Gerstein et al. 1978; Singer 1999; Zhou et al. 2007). From the experimental perspective, the e ...
... or, even more globally, between different brain modalities, it is important to understand how these ensembles self-organize to generate desired functions (movement, memory storage/recall, etc.) (Hebb 1949; Gerstein et al. 1978; Singer 1999; Zhou et al. 2007). From the experimental perspective, the e ...
Pathfinding in Computer Games 1 Introduction
... Ironically the main problems that arise in pathfinding are due to pre-processing, which makes complex pathfinding in real-time possible. These problems include the inability of most pathfinding engines to handle dynamic worlds and produce realistic (believable) movement. This is due primarily to the ...
... Ironically the main problems that arise in pathfinding are due to pre-processing, which makes complex pathfinding in real-time possible. These problems include the inability of most pathfinding engines to handle dynamic worlds and produce realistic (believable) movement. This is due primarily to the ...
Schwann cells
... Schwann cells hold 1 – 12 small nerve fibers in grooves on its surface membrane folds once around each fiber overlapping itself along the edges mesaxon – neurilemma wrapping of unmyelinated nerve fibers ...
... Schwann cells hold 1 – 12 small nerve fibers in grooves on its surface membrane folds once around each fiber overlapping itself along the edges mesaxon – neurilemma wrapping of unmyelinated nerve fibers ...
BMP inhibitors and neural patterning
... secreted proteins that has been shown to exert a critical role in the patterning of the neural tube is the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family (Lee and Jessell, 1999). The secretion of BMPs by the epidermal ectoderm and the roof plate is required for the induction of neural crest cells and dorsa ...
... secreted proteins that has been shown to exert a critical role in the patterning of the neural tube is the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family (Lee and Jessell, 1999). The secretion of BMPs by the epidermal ectoderm and the roof plate is required for the induction of neural crest cells and dorsa ...
PDF Document
... Fig. 1. Challenges of optogenetically targeting cells outside of the brain. (A) Wide variations in ex- Strategies that use gene therapy viral vecpression of opsin proteins, tissue structure, and the mechanical environment of the peripheral nervous sys- tors to deliver DNA are more tractable tem may ...
... Fig. 1. Challenges of optogenetically targeting cells outside of the brain. (A) Wide variations in ex- Strategies that use gene therapy viral vecpression of opsin proteins, tissue structure, and the mechanical environment of the peripheral nervous sys- tors to deliver DNA are more tractable tem may ...
dynamics of pathomorphological changes in rat ischemic spinal cord
... day 7 (36.4±0.9) till the end of experiment. In turn, the count of ghost cells was also growing, but the significant increase was only on day 7 (58.1±2.5), and the number of blood vessels significantly increased on day 30 (10.2±0.6) of observation (Table 1). The study of spinal cord specimens of the ...
... day 7 (36.4±0.9) till the end of experiment. In turn, the count of ghost cells was also growing, but the significant increase was only on day 7 (58.1±2.5), and the number of blood vessels significantly increased on day 30 (10.2±0.6) of observation (Table 1). The study of spinal cord specimens of the ...
Brain-to-text: decoding spoken phrases from phone
... It has long been speculated whether communication between humans and machines based on natural speech related cortical activity is possible. Over the past decade, studies have suggested that it is feasible to recognize isolated aspects of speech from neural signals, such as auditory features, phones ...
... It has long been speculated whether communication between humans and machines based on natural speech related cortical activity is possible. Over the past decade, studies have suggested that it is feasible to recognize isolated aspects of speech from neural signals, such as auditory features, phones ...
Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation
... After discovery of thermosensitive neurons in the hypothalamus (Nakayama et al., 1961) neurophysiologists investigating thermoregulation directed their efforts to the analysis of these thermosensitive neurons. Their (implicit) assumption was that thermosensitivity is a distinctive characteristic of ...
... After discovery of thermosensitive neurons in the hypothalamus (Nakayama et al., 1961) neurophysiologists investigating thermoregulation directed their efforts to the analysis of these thermosensitive neurons. Their (implicit) assumption was that thermosensitivity is a distinctive characteristic of ...