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Product Monograph
Product Monograph

... NSAIDs, caution should be used in the treatment of elderly patients who are more likely to be suffering from impaired renal, hepatic or cardiac function. For high-risk patients, alternate therapies that do not involve NSAIDs should be considered. NAPROSYN is NOT recommended for use with other NSAIDs ...
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PENEMS IN BULK AND INJECTION
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PENEMS IN BULK AND INJECTION

... added and shaken thoroughly for about 10 min, then the volume was made up to the mark with the distilled water, mixed well and filtered. Further dilutions were made and the assay of injections was completed according to general procedure. ...
Ion Exchange Resins: Drug Delivery and Therapeutic
Ion Exchange Resins: Drug Delivery and Therapeutic

... completed and the sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) are introduced inside the resin particle as well as over its surface. Likewise, the quaternary ammonium groups are introduced after the polymerization has been completed, and they too are introduced both inside the particle as well as on its surface. Fe ...
prevalence, risk and characteristics of impaired drivers
prevalence, risk and characteristics of impaired drivers

... central nervous system (i.e. opioids, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, drugs used in addictive disorders, and antihistamines for systemic use) in a nonhospitalised EU population was collected over the years 2000 to 2005. In the same way, information on the use o ...
Cardiac Action Potential Prolongation Induced by
Cardiac Action Potential Prolongation Induced by

... prolonging. Due to concern over cardiotoxic side effects, branded versions for antipsychotic treatment were withdrawn from the market, and QT prolongation now presents a major obstacle to the introduction of thioridazine for antimicrobial treatment. The purpose of the work presented in thesis was to ...
TASTE MASKED ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS: A HIGHLY
TASTE MASKED ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS: A HIGHLY

... The United States Food and Drug Administration defined orodispersible tablet (ODT) as “a solid dosage form containing medicinal substance or active ingredient which disintegrates rapidly usually within a matter of seconds when placed on the tongue.” ...
Wellbutrin/Wellbutrin-SR/ Wellbutrin
Wellbutrin/Wellbutrin-SR/ Wellbutrin

... Most cases of major depression can be treated successfully, usually with medication, psychotherapy, or both. The combination of psychotherapy and antidepressants is very effective in treating moderate to severe depression. The medications improve mood, sleep, energy, and appetite, while therapy stre ...
ACCELERATED INDUCTION OF ETORPHINE IMMOBILIZATION IN BLUE WILDEBEEST BY THE ADDITION OF HYALURONIDASE
ACCELERATED INDUCTION OF ETORPHINE IMMOBILIZATION IN BLUE WILDEBEEST BY THE ADDITION OF HYALURONIDASE

... opioid compounds or the cyclohexamines) needs to be combined with a secondary agent such as a sedative or tranquilizer (the secondary agent usually only induces mild CNS depression at the doses at which they are used, such as the alpha-2 agonists and the benzodiazepines).26 In combination, one usual ...
Anticoagulation Related Bleeding
Anticoagulation Related Bleeding

... Fondaparinux is a synthetic and selective inhibitor of activated Factor X (Xa). Doses above the recommended regimen may lead to an increased risk of bleeding.  There is no known antidote to Fondaparinux. Management of bleeding should be through cessation of treatment and general haemostatic measure ...
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

... • (Doriden), is one of the most active nonbarbiturate hypnotics that is structurally similar to the barbiturates,especially phenobarbital. Because of glutethimide’s low aqueous solubility, • Glutethimide is used as a racemic mixture with the ( +) enantiomer being primarily metabolized on the glutari ...
Update on Azole Antifungals
Update on Azole Antifungals

... Itraconazole is water insoluble, and its bioavailability is variable after oral ingestion. The capsule is best absorbed with food. The oral solution is better absorbed in the fasting state[2] and generally achieves higher bioavailability than the capsule.[3] Unpredictable bioavailability of the oral ...
EL E. A. T.
EL E. A. T.

... enacted in 1995 which banned single-ingredient ephedrine products and put restrictions for purchase and possession of ephedrine in place. However, the combination products (typically the “asthma aid” products which are combined with guaifenesin) are still being diverted. If all ephedrine products we ...
Modafinil And Armodafinil Safety Guide
Modafinil And Armodafinil Safety Guide

... The first commonly available Eugeroic was Adrafinil. It was invented by the French pharmaceutical company Lafon in the late 1970s, and marketed as Olmifon. It was primarily used as treatment for inattention and fatigue in elderly patients. Adrafinil is metabolized by the body to produce Modafinil. F ...
The Potential of Cyclodextrins as Novel Active Pharmaceutical
The Potential of Cyclodextrins as Novel Active Pharmaceutical

... The deviation from linearity can be positive (AP ) or negative (AN ) (Figure 3). A positive or negative deviation form linearity implies that the molar ratio between ligand and substrate (CD and drug respectively) is not 1:1 [10]. In this case, it is very difficult to predict from these diagrams the ...
Hypertension - National Medical Research Council
Hypertension - National Medical Research Council

Comparative Evaluation of in vitro Diclofenac Sodium
Comparative Evaluation of in vitro Diclofenac Sodium

... 20% water.4 The efficacy of topically applied drugs is often limited by poor skin penetration.5 However, drug molecules encounter various types of resistance such as membrane and diffusion resistance when they permeate through biological membranes. In spite of the barrier function of the skin, topic ...
Breakthrough Pain
Breakthrough Pain

...  Risk factors include: low K+ or Mg+ (a side-effect of cisplatinum therapy), hx of CHF, bradycardia or baseline long QT, liver disease, concomitant disuse or use of medications, or a reduction in plasma protein levels which then increase methadone concentration  QTc in females normal up to 460 mse ...
LIDOCAINE VISCOUS 2%
LIDOCAINE VISCOUS 2%

... Lidocaine is absorbed following topical administration to mucous membranes, its rate and extent of absorption being dependent upon concentration and total dose administered, the specific site of application, and duration of exposure. In general, the rate of absorption of local anesthetic agents foll ...
Seizures
Seizures

... to pretreat with folinic acid). ...
process development and optimization for moisture activated dry
process development and optimization for moisture activated dry

... typically have a size range between 0.2 and 4.0 mm, depending on their subsequent use.2 Granulation method can be broadly classified into two types: Wet granulation and Dry granulation. Wet granulation technique is receiving great significance, because direct compression method is not most suitable ...
Berberine | Information Sheet
Berberine | Information Sheet

... recommended by your healthcare professional. CAUTION: Do not use this product if pregnant or nursing. If you have diabetes or are taking any medication, consult your healthcare professional before using this product. Contains No: Sugar, salt, yeast, wheat, gluten, corn, soy, dairy products, artifici ...
Prescribing Information
Prescribing Information

... TIVICAY and raltegravir, respectively, in SPRING-2; whereas in SINGLE the rates were 7% and 4% for TIVICAY and ATRIPLA, respectively. These events were not treatment limiting. In a multicenter, open-label trial (FLAMINGO), 243 subjects received TIVICAY 50 mg once daily versus 242 subjects who receiv ...
Lark Lands
Lark Lands

... There have been a number of studies that have shown the significant benefit of nutrient therapies for neuropathy associated with HIV/AIDS. And there have been even more showing benefit for neuropathy that occurs in people living with diabetes. Since it appears likely that at least some of the mechan ...
ADPE02B0805 - Piracetam
ADPE02B0805 - Piracetam

... explains greater piracetam efficacy in cortical myoclonus (14). Piracetam monotherapy had no effect on myoclonus in one study (13), but was effective in two others (10, 11). An argument could also be made for pharmacokinetic differences affecting regional distribution of piracetam. In the rat, the c ...
The practice of digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring - BN6Team-10
The practice of digoxin therapeutic drug monitoring - BN6Team-10

... and no new drug interactions). In situations where there is changing renal function, the adjustment can be estimated by calculating the change in creatine clearance using the Cockcroft and Gault formula.11 For example, a halving of the patient’s renal function from baseline means that only half of t ...
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Drug interaction



A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.
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