PHASE II DRUG METABOLISM: Glucuronidation and Sulfation
... There is a qualitative increase in biliary excretion of compounds with higher molecular weight (Hirom 1972, Klaassen, 1981), thus conjugation to metabolites that are more polar and ionic than the parent drug often enhances the bile/plasma ratio of a metabolite relative the parent drug. Shown here is ...
... There is a qualitative increase in biliary excretion of compounds with higher molecular weight (Hirom 1972, Klaassen, 1981), thus conjugation to metabolites that are more polar and ionic than the parent drug often enhances the bile/plasma ratio of a metabolite relative the parent drug. Shown here is ...
Overview of Vinca Alkaloids
... Concentration that inhibits cell proliferation is directly related to concentration that induces metaphase arrest in 50% of cells concentrations stabilize microtubule length and leads to inhibition of mitosis High concentrations disruption of microtubules Low ...
... Concentration that inhibits cell proliferation is directly related to concentration that induces metaphase arrest in 50% of cells concentrations stabilize microtubule length and leads to inhibition of mitosis High concentrations disruption of microtubules Low ...
Lipid Excipients in Self Emulsifying Drug
... solubility <100 μg/mL (0.1 mg/mL) *1+. Owing to their poor aqueous solubility, these drugs lead to poor absorption following oral administration. Such drugs can be categorised into Class 2 and 4 of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). Problems associated with these drugs include low bioava ...
... solubility <100 μg/mL (0.1 mg/mL) *1+. Owing to their poor aqueous solubility, these drugs lead to poor absorption following oral administration. Such drugs can be categorised into Class 2 and 4 of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). Problems associated with these drugs include low bioava ...
3rd year antidepressant part 2a2011-09-11 10
... of the cortex. They are excitatory ionotropic receptors, and specific antagonists (e.g. ondansetron,) are used to treat nausea and vomiting. They may also have anxiolytic effects, but this is less clear. 5-HT4-receptors are important in the gastrointestinal tract (see) and are also expressed in the ...
... of the cortex. They are excitatory ionotropic receptors, and specific antagonists (e.g. ondansetron,) are used to treat nausea and vomiting. They may also have anxiolytic effects, but this is less clear. 5-HT4-receptors are important in the gastrointestinal tract (see) and are also expressed in the ...
Characteristics and common properties of inhibitors, inducers, and
... (11,12). Since many of the CYPs have numerous drugs as substrates, competition of various drugs for metabolism by a specific CYP is a common occurrence leading to drug– drug interactions in patients who are simultaneously administered several different drugs. In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibi ...
... (11,12). Since many of the CYPs have numerous drugs as substrates, competition of various drugs for metabolism by a specific CYP is a common occurrence leading to drug– drug interactions in patients who are simultaneously administered several different drugs. In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibi ...
Sleeping Drugs
... sleeping drugs may aggravate your condition, especially if you are feeling sad or miserable. It is important to recognize what are labelled as „depressive symptoms‟. These include characteristic sleep disturbances, and antidepressant drugs may be effective in relieving them. This again highlights th ...
... sleeping drugs may aggravate your condition, especially if you are feeling sad or miserable. It is important to recognize what are labelled as „depressive symptoms‟. These include characteristic sleep disturbances, and antidepressant drugs may be effective in relieving them. This again highlights th ...
Neurotranslation Program
... • Academic weaknesses in Drug Discovery – Individual vs. team oriented – Lack of expertise/interest – Rewards are based on publishing/grants, hypothesis-driven scholarly research, not product development – Funding/resources limited; reliance on grants – Pressure to publish will compromise patent str ...
... • Academic weaknesses in Drug Discovery – Individual vs. team oriented – Lack of expertise/interest – Rewards are based on publishing/grants, hypothesis-driven scholarly research, not product development – Funding/resources limited; reliance on grants – Pressure to publish will compromise patent str ...
03 URI
... THE COMMON COLD Most frequent cause of acute illness in US & industrialized world Caused by members of several families of viruses ...
... THE COMMON COLD Most frequent cause of acute illness in US & industrialized world Caused by members of several families of viruses ...
Curanderismo - VAC-Valley AIDS Council
... feeling well and you cannot come see me? Other than medicine I prescribe, what do you drink or eat to feel better? Tell me about any teas, herbs, or remedies you have taken in the past three (3) months? What are some of the things your parents did to help you feel better when you did ...
... feeling well and you cannot come see me? Other than medicine I prescribe, what do you drink or eat to feel better? Tell me about any teas, herbs, or remedies you have taken in the past three (3) months? What are some of the things your parents did to help you feel better when you did ...
Medication Errors - Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group
... • Drug doses calculated individually ...
... • Drug doses calculated individually ...
SERIES ‘‘CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN TUBERCULOSIS’’ Number 3 in this Series
... count and the proportion. This is the opposite of the actual findings (fig. 2). The findings are, however, consistent with the hypothesis that variation in cfu counts on a drug-free medium is due almost entirely to the amount of clumping of the bacilli in suspensions. Looking at a diagrammatic repre ...
... count and the proportion. This is the opposite of the actual findings (fig. 2). The findings are, however, consistent with the hypothesis that variation in cfu counts on a drug-free medium is due almost entirely to the amount of clumping of the bacilli in suspensions. Looking at a diagrammatic repre ...
Sinarest LP Tab/Susp
... anticholinergic and antiserotonin effects and therefore is preferred in patients with nasal congestion because it does not over dry nasal secretions. Phenylephrine acts on alpha-receptors causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. This leads to shrinka ...
... anticholinergic and antiserotonin effects and therefore is preferred in patients with nasal congestion because it does not over dry nasal secretions. Phenylephrine acts on alpha-receptors causing vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. This leads to shrinka ...
Antimicrobial Agents Used in Treatment of Infectious Disease
... n Chemotherapeutic agents Chemotherapeutic agents , which are chemically synthesized chemically synthesized . n n A hybrid substance is a semisynthetic antibiotic antibiotic , where in a molecular version produced by the microbe is subsequently modified by the chemist to achieve desired prop ...
... n Chemotherapeutic agents Chemotherapeutic agents , which are chemically synthesized chemically synthesized . n n A hybrid substance is a semisynthetic antibiotic antibiotic , where in a molecular version produced by the microbe is subsequently modified by the chemist to achieve desired prop ...
Lysodren - Bristol
... be required in such circumstances since the depressed adrenal gland may not immediately start to secrete steroids. Hepatic Impairment: LYSODREN should be administered with care to patients with liver disease other than metastatic lesions from the adrenal cortex, since the metabolism of LYSODREN may ...
... be required in such circumstances since the depressed adrenal gland may not immediately start to secrete steroids. Hepatic Impairment: LYSODREN should be administered with care to patients with liver disease other than metastatic lesions from the adrenal cortex, since the metabolism of LYSODREN may ...
Formulation and in-vitro bioequivalence evaluation of verapamil
... most commonly used route of administration when compared to all other routes for various pharmaceutical products of different dosage forms. Easy administration, high patient compliance, avoiding tough sterile standards, and relatively cheap and easy formulation makes the oral dosage form as the firs ...
... most commonly used route of administration when compared to all other routes for various pharmaceutical products of different dosage forms. Easy administration, high patient compliance, avoiding tough sterile standards, and relatively cheap and easy formulation makes the oral dosage form as the firs ...
Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction
... rescription drug abuse1 is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. According to several national surveys, prescription medications, such as those used to treat pain, attention deficit disorders, and anxiety, are b ...
... rescription drug abuse1 is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. According to several national surveys, prescription medications, such as those used to treat pain, attention deficit disorders, and anxiety, are b ...
Liquid Handcuffs”: the bio-politics of methadone
... was stuck with another doctor, and he wasn’t into letting me go down at my own pace at all, so there was lot of conflict and I moved on…” (Miguel) • “The doctor always explains ‘well Tara if you were a diabetic’... he always give me that, because I always want to get off; a couple times I’ve almost ...
... was stuck with another doctor, and he wasn’t into letting me go down at my own pace at all, so there was lot of conflict and I moved on…” (Miguel) • “The doctor always explains ‘well Tara if you were a diabetic’... he always give me that, because I always want to get off; a couple times I’ve almost ...
- Madhya Pradesh Bhoj Open University
... Adverse effects of drugs, any unintended consequence of drug is called adverse effect, include all types of noxious effects as serious or fatal. All drugs are capable to produce adverse effects Minimization of adverse effects as injection of aminophylline must intravenously given slowly, rule out p ...
... Adverse effects of drugs, any unintended consequence of drug is called adverse effect, include all types of noxious effects as serious or fatal. All drugs are capable to produce adverse effects Minimization of adverse effects as injection of aminophylline must intravenously given slowly, rule out p ...
1 - European Commission
... 18 February 2004, p.1, as amended) and Council Regulation (EC) No 111/2005 of 22 December 2004 laying down rules for the monitoring of trade between the Community and third countries in drug precursors (OJ L 22 of 26 January 2005, p. 1, as amended), amendments which came into force on 30 December 20 ...
... 18 February 2004, p.1, as amended) and Council Regulation (EC) No 111/2005 of 22 December 2004 laying down rules for the monitoring of trade between the Community and third countries in drug precursors (OJ L 22 of 26 January 2005, p. 1, as amended), amendments which came into force on 30 December 20 ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.