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interference, diffraction and scattering of electromagnetic waves
interference, diffraction and scattering of electromagnetic waves

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MHD seismology as a tool to diagnose the coronae of X
MHD seismology as a tool to diagnose the coronae of X

... s interpreted as a fundamental fast-kink mode of magnetoacoustic waves. These oscillations can be highly dispersive and can be a useful candidate for the localized heating of the corona of ξ-Boo. It should be noted that it is a binary K-Dwarf with the magnetized atmosphere and flaring activities. Ob ...
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... structures at low temperatures. Question 1 can now be addressed as follows. At 0 K, the ferromagnetic ordering in the BCC α phase causes the internal energy (and enthalpy) of that phase to be lower than the internal energy (and enthalpy) of the antiferromagnetic (and paramagnetic) FCC phase, i.e. Hα ...
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... Meyer and Thiell 1984). While this regime is interesting in itself one can see that these conditions are not maintained long enough for a shock to form (i.e. NT ,⊥ < 1 and NT ,/ < 10). A simple scaling analysis shows that a small ion mass is required for shock formation. Using the standard relation ...
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... definite polar nebula, just for reference. Ten hours of observation time were reserved at the University of Arizona’s 90inch Bok telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. This telescope’s large mirror and its spectrograph were used to take exposures of each nebula. The spectrograph separates the ...
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Ferrofluid



A ferrofluid (portmanteau of ferromagnetic and fluid) is a liquid that becomes strongly magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field.Ferrofluid was invented in 1963 by NASA's Steve Papell as a liquid rocket fuel that could be drawn toward a pump inlet in a weightless environment by applying a magnetic field.Ferrofluids are colloidal liquids made of nanoscale ferromagnetic, or ferrimagnetic, particles suspended in a carrier fluid (usually an organic solvent or water). Each tiny particle is thoroughly coated with a surfactant to inhibit clumping. Large ferromagnetic particles can be ripped out of the homogeneous colloidal mixture, forming a separate clump of magnetic dust when exposed to strong magnetic fields. The magnetic attraction of nanoparticles is weak enough that the surfactant's Van der Waals force is sufficient to prevent magnetic clumping or agglomeration. Ferrofluids usually do not retain magnetization in the absence of an externally applied field and thus are often classified as ""superparamagnets"" rather than ferromagnets.The difference between ferrofluids and magnetorheological fluids (MR fluids) is the size of the particles. The particles in a ferrofluid primarily consist of nanoparticles which are suspended by Brownian motion and generally will not settle under normal conditions. MR fluid particles primarily consist of micrometre-scale particles which are too heavy for Brownian motion to keep them suspended, and thus will settle over time because of the inherent density difference between the particle and its carrier fluid. These two fluids have very different applications as a result.
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