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Literature Review on the Formation of Active Regions
Literature Review on the Formation of Active Regions

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Electromagnetic Waves essay

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... the Kolmogorov’s type turbulent convection, the exponent m ¼ 2=3 and sB ¼ ð4=135Þ½1 þ ð6=7Þan , where the convective contribution to the dynamo instability due to the shear-current effect depends on the parameter an ¼ 2gt0 F n =hu2 i. Here F n is an imposed vertical heat flux which maintains the tur ...
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... Molecular excitations are associated with vibrations or rotation of molecules which correlate with low frequency modes. Raman spectroscopy relies on the interaction of monochromatic light produced by a laser (in the infrared to near ultraviolet range) exciting an electron from its molecular bonding ...
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Magnetohydrodynamics



Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (magneto fluid dynamics or hydromagnetics) is the study of the magnetic properties of electrically conducting fluids. Examples of such magneto-fluids include plasmas, liquid metals, and salt water or electrolytes. The word magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is derived from magneto- meaning magnetic field, hydro- meaning water, and -dynamics meaning movement. The field of MHD was initiated by Hannes Alfvén, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1970.The fundamental concept behind MHD is that magnetic fields can induce currents in a moving conductive fluid, which in turn polarizes the fluid and reciprocally changes the magnetic field itself. The set of equations that describe MHD are a combination of the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics and Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. These differential equations must be solved simultaneously, either analytically or numerically.
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