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... Each combination of n, ℓ, and mℓ, value corresponds to an orbital n values relate to the energy and size of the orbitals. n = 1, 2, 3··· ℓ values specify the total angular momentum of the electron and determines the angular shape of the orbital. ℓ’s have letter ...
... Each combination of n, ℓ, and mℓ, value corresponds to an orbital n values relate to the energy and size of the orbitals. n = 1, 2, 3··· ℓ values specify the total angular momentum of the electron and determines the angular shape of the orbital. ℓ’s have letter ...
Chemical Reactions
... matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. – Symbols represent elements, formulas describe compounds, chemical equations describe a chemical reaction ...
... matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. – Symbols represent elements, formulas describe compounds, chemical equations describe a chemical reaction ...
Name: Midterm Review (Part II) Fill in the blanks (Chapter 6.1 – 6.3
... How do metals obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds? How do nonmetals obey the octet rule when reacting to form ionic compounds? How do nonmetals obey the octet rule when reacting to form covalent compounds? How many valence electrons there are in S-2 ion? S-2 anion has a larger/smalle ...
... How do metals obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds? How do nonmetals obey the octet rule when reacting to form ionic compounds? How do nonmetals obey the octet rule when reacting to form covalent compounds? How many valence electrons there are in S-2 ion? S-2 anion has a larger/smalle ...
Homework Problem Set 7 - Illinois State Chemistry
... Which molecule would be expected to have the higher diffusion coefficient in the gas phase, CH 4 or H2? Explain. ...
... Which molecule would be expected to have the higher diffusion coefficient in the gas phase, CH 4 or H2? Explain. ...
Chapter 2 Expanded Notes
... becomes negatively charged. If it loses electrons it becomes positively charged. Note: although the formation of ions is necessary to form ionic bonds, it is not a guarantee that a bond will form. Ion = an atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from the gain or loss of 1 or more electr ...
... becomes negatively charged. If it loses electrons it becomes positively charged. Note: although the formation of ions is necessary to form ionic bonds, it is not a guarantee that a bond will form. Ion = an atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from the gain or loss of 1 or more electr ...
The Periodic Table of Elements and Atoms…
... • Element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down any further. It is in its simplest form! Each element is represented by an atom. • Molecules are particles made up of two or more atoms bonded together that make up substances. ...
... • Element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down any further. It is in its simplest form! Each element is represented by an atom. • Molecules are particles made up of two or more atoms bonded together that make up substances. ...
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
... Bohrs model was important since it quantized energy states for electrons. However, it only worked for atoms and ions with one electron. Since we know light has a particle nature, does matter have a wave nature? Louis de Broglie used Planck’s equation to derive: =h / mv. The momentum, mv, i ...
... Bohrs model was important since it quantized energy states for electrons. However, it only worked for atoms and ions with one electron. Since we know light has a particle nature, does matter have a wave nature? Louis de Broglie used Planck’s equation to derive: =h / mv. The momentum, mv, i ...
Ionic bonding - Nidderdale High School
... increases number of collisions and increases rate Temperature: Particles have more energy and move faster and collide more often. More particles have energy greater than the activation energy so more successful collisions Catalyst: Catalysts change the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up ...
... increases number of collisions and increases rate Temperature: Particles have more energy and move faster and collide more often. More particles have energy greater than the activation energy so more successful collisions Catalyst: Catalysts change the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up ...
Unit 2 Review KEY
... Frequency (v) – number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time (1 sec) Photoelectric Effect – an emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on a metal. Quantum – minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom. Photon – particle of electromagnetic radiation hav ...
... Frequency (v) – number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time (1 sec) Photoelectric Effect – an emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on a metal. Quantum – minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom. Photon – particle of electromagnetic radiation hav ...
Pauli Exclusion Principle Quiz
... Pauli Exclusion Principle Quiz 1. The location of any electron in an atom can be described by ____ unique quantum numbers. ...
... Pauli Exclusion Principle Quiz 1. The location of any electron in an atom can be described by ____ unique quantum numbers. ...
Second Semester Notes 09-10
... (except in H2O2 and w/ F) **The sum of the oxidation numbers in a compound must equal zero. **The sum of the oxidation number in a PAI is equal to the charge of the ion. **All uncombined elements and diatomics have an oxidation number of zero. ...
... (except in H2O2 and w/ F) **The sum of the oxidation numbers in a compound must equal zero. **The sum of the oxidation number in a PAI is equal to the charge of the ion. **All uncombined elements and diatomics have an oxidation number of zero. ...
1 - Hatboro
... 3. Chemical analysis of citric acid shows that it contains 64.27% C, 7.19% H, and 28.54% O. ...
... 3. Chemical analysis of citric acid shows that it contains 64.27% C, 7.19% H, and 28.54% O. ...
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
... Nitric Acid and Nitrate Carbonic Acid and Carbonate Our reference acid is phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Because H3PO3 has one less O atom, it is called phosphorous acid. PO3-3 has one less O atom than phosphate so it is called phosphite. Our reference acid is Chloric Acid (HClO3). Because HClO4 has one m ...
... Nitric Acid and Nitrate Carbonic Acid and Carbonate Our reference acid is phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Because H3PO3 has one less O atom, it is called phosphorous acid. PO3-3 has one less O atom than phosphate so it is called phosphite. Our reference acid is Chloric Acid (HClO3). Because HClO4 has one m ...
Chemistry Major Understandings
... same number of valence electrons (helium is an exception) and therefore similar chemical properties. 3.1aaThe succession of elements within the same group demonstrates characteristic trends: differences in atomic radius, ionic radius, electronegativity, first ionization energy, metallic/nonmetallic ...
... same number of valence electrons (helium is an exception) and therefore similar chemical properties. 3.1aaThe succession of elements within the same group demonstrates characteristic trends: differences in atomic radius, ionic radius, electronegativity, first ionization energy, metallic/nonmetallic ...
Inorganic Chemistry A Self-study exercises Chapters 1,2 and 3 1
... which type of atomic orbital is it occupying? 16.How many radial nodes does each of the following orbitals possess: (a) 2s; (b) 4s; (c) 3p; (d) 5d; (e) 1s; (f ) 4p? 17.Comment on differences between plots of R(r) against r, and 4r2R(r)2 against r for each of the following atomic orbitals of an H at ...
... which type of atomic orbital is it occupying? 16.How many radial nodes does each of the following orbitals possess: (a) 2s; (b) 4s; (c) 3p; (d) 5d; (e) 1s; (f ) 4p? 17.Comment on differences between plots of R(r) against r, and 4r2R(r)2 against r for each of the following atomic orbitals of an H at ...
Science 10 Chem - Holy Trinity Academy
... Mixture: a combination of 2 or more different pure substances where the properties can vary depending on the quantities of the substances. Mechanical (Heterogeneous) Mixture: a mixture in which the different substances are visible. e.g., soil Solution (Homogeneous): a mixture in which the differ ...
... Mixture: a combination of 2 or more different pure substances where the properties can vary depending on the quantities of the substances. Mechanical (Heterogeneous) Mixture: a mixture in which the different substances are visible. e.g., soil Solution (Homogeneous): a mixture in which the differ ...
Use the following to answer questions 1-14:
... electrons in the valence shell. ____ 2. Metallic elements form cations. ____ 3. Cations are negatively charged ions. ____ 4. Valence electrons are located in the outermost electron shell of the atom. ____ 5. Noble gases are very stable; other elements give up, gain, or share electrons to acquire a v ...
... electrons in the valence shell. ____ 2. Metallic elements form cations. ____ 3. Cations are negatively charged ions. ____ 4. Valence electrons are located in the outermost electron shell of the atom. ____ 5. Noble gases are very stable; other elements give up, gain, or share electrons to acquire a v ...
Quantum Numbers and Electronic Configuration
... Hund's rule: every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin. ...
... Hund's rule: every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin. ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.