Chapter notes Class: IX Chapter Name: Atoms and molecules Top
... Polyatomic molecules: Any molecule containing more than four atoms is called a polyatomic molecule. For example, sulphur (S8), methane (CH4), nitric acid (HNO3), ethanol (C2H5OH). ...
... Polyatomic molecules: Any molecule containing more than four atoms is called a polyatomic molecule. For example, sulphur (S8), methane (CH4), nitric acid (HNO3), ethanol (C2H5OH). ...
Chemistry
... o Be able to identify the number of significant figures in a measurement o Be able to perform calculations using scientific notation and significant figures o Be able to correctly round a number o Be able to convert between units (dimensional analysis) o Be able to convert between the Celsius and Ke ...
... o Be able to identify the number of significant figures in a measurement o Be able to perform calculations using scientific notation and significant figures o Be able to correctly round a number o Be able to convert between units (dimensional analysis) o Be able to convert between the Celsius and Ke ...
Electrons in Atoms - Duplin County Schools
... Particle Nature of Light • The wave model of light cannot explain why heated objects emit only certain frequencies of light at a given temperature, or why some metals emit electrons when colored light of a specific frequency shines on them. • Obviously, a totally new model or a revision of the curr ...
... Particle Nature of Light • The wave model of light cannot explain why heated objects emit only certain frequencies of light at a given temperature, or why some metals emit electrons when colored light of a specific frequency shines on them. • Obviously, a totally new model or a revision of the curr ...
Chapter 1: Atomic Structure
... Probably one of the best examples of the progressive development of science would be the development of atomic theory. The ancient Greeks debated over the continuous nature of matter. Two schools of thought had emerged: matter was either continuous or matter was not continuous. The continuous idea w ...
... Probably one of the best examples of the progressive development of science would be the development of atomic theory. The ancient Greeks debated over the continuous nature of matter. Two schools of thought had emerged: matter was either continuous or matter was not continuous. The continuous idea w ...
Chapter 4 - Mr. Fischer.com
... An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction. A. Early philosophers believed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible. B. Dalton’s Atomic theory. Dalton used experimental methods, to transform Democritus’s ideas on atoms into scientific theory ...
... An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction. A. Early philosophers believed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible. B. Dalton’s Atomic theory. Dalton used experimental methods, to transform Democritus’s ideas on atoms into scientific theory ...
SC71 Chemistry
... covalent bonding. Explain how cations and anions form. Explain the electrical charge of an ionic compound. Describe properties of ionic and covalent compounds. Draw Lewis dot structures for ionic and covalent compounds. Apply the rules for naming and writing ionic and covalent compounds ...
... covalent bonding. Explain how cations and anions form. Explain the electrical charge of an ionic compound. Describe properties of ionic and covalent compounds. Draw Lewis dot structures for ionic and covalent compounds. Apply the rules for naming and writing ionic and covalent compounds ...
Compounds
... 79. Sulfur trioxide and the sulfite ion have the same number of atoms but different structures and properties. Draw the correct Lewis structure for both. Compare the S-O bond lengths in both molecules. 80. Write the formula for formal charge. 81. Why is there a pi bond in the sulfite ion? Explain u ...
... 79. Sulfur trioxide and the sulfite ion have the same number of atoms but different structures and properties. Draw the correct Lewis structure for both. Compare the S-O bond lengths in both molecules. 80. Write the formula for formal charge. 81. Why is there a pi bond in the sulfite ion? Explain u ...
Les Équations Chimiques
... There are some elements that are always found in groups of two if they are not bonded with other elements. These include: H N O F Cl Br I Groups of these atoms are called ...
... There are some elements that are always found in groups of two if they are not bonded with other elements. These include: H N O F Cl Br I Groups of these atoms are called ...
Two valence electrons.
... elements by increasing atomic mass, leaving blank spaces where he was sure elements Dmitri yet to be discovered Mendeleev would fit. ...
... elements by increasing atomic mass, leaving blank spaces where he was sure elements Dmitri yet to be discovered Mendeleev would fit. ...
Chapter 1-
... the type of carbon the hydrogen is attached to C-H bonds where the carbon has more s character are shorter, stronger and stiffer and thus vibrate at higher frequency C-H bonds at sp centers appear at 3000-3100 cm -1 C-H bonds at sp2 centers appear at about 3080 cm-1 C-H bonds at sp3 centers ...
... the type of carbon the hydrogen is attached to C-H bonds where the carbon has more s character are shorter, stronger and stiffer and thus vibrate at higher frequency C-H bonds at sp centers appear at 3000-3100 cm -1 C-H bonds at sp2 centers appear at about 3080 cm-1 C-H bonds at sp3 centers ...
Oxidation Numbers and Ionic Compounds
... 3. Arrange the other atoms around the central atom creating a skeleton. 4. Connect all bonded atoms in the skeleton with one bond. 5. Subtract the number of electrons already used for the single bonds; two for each bond. 6. Distribute the remaining electrons in pairs around the atoms, trying to sati ...
... 3. Arrange the other atoms around the central atom creating a skeleton. 4. Connect all bonded atoms in the skeleton with one bond. 5. Subtract the number of electrons already used for the single bonds; two for each bond. 6. Distribute the remaining electrons in pairs around the atoms, trying to sati ...
The Born-Haber Cycle
... Consider the strongly exothermic reaction between sodium metal and chlorine gas… ...
... Consider the strongly exothermic reaction between sodium metal and chlorine gas… ...
Chemistry 106: General Chemistry
... less efficient than that by valence electrons. more efficient than that by valence electrons. essentially identical to that by valence electrons. responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group. both essentially identical to that by valence electrons and responsible for a gene ...
... less efficient than that by valence electrons. more efficient than that by valence electrons. essentially identical to that by valence electrons. responsible for a general decrease in atomic radius going down a group. both essentially identical to that by valence electrons and responsible for a gene ...
CHAPTER 5 NOTES – ELECTRONS IN ATOMS
... • Quantum Mechanical Model – the modern description of the electron in atoms – from the mathematical solutions to the Schrödinger equation – determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus ...
... • Quantum Mechanical Model – the modern description of the electron in atoms – from the mathematical solutions to the Schrödinger equation – determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus ...
Chemical Nomenclature, Formulas, and Equations
... forms both Fe+ and Fe2+ ions, we need to use the Stock system and call the compound iron(II) nitrate. (b) The cation is Na+ and the anion is HPO42− (hydrogen phosphate). Because sodium only forms one type of ion (Na+), there is no need to use sodium(I) in the name. The compound is sodium hydrogen ph ...
... forms both Fe+ and Fe2+ ions, we need to use the Stock system and call the compound iron(II) nitrate. (b) The cation is Na+ and the anion is HPO42− (hydrogen phosphate). Because sodium only forms one type of ion (Na+), there is no need to use sodium(I) in the name. The compound is sodium hydrogen ph ...
Crystal Field Theory, gemstones and color
... metal ions in crystals using a purely electrostatic bonding model. We will use this theory to explain the color of the gemstones ruby and emerald, and will see the limitations of the theory ...
... metal ions in crystals using a purely electrostatic bonding model. We will use this theory to explain the color of the gemstones ruby and emerald, and will see the limitations of the theory ...
pdf - Discover Sensors
... Initial questions leading to the questions students will work on during the activity: ...
... Initial questions leading to the questions students will work on during the activity: ...
AP Chapter Five Outline
... When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions surrounded by water molecules. An ionic compound that completely dissolves into ions is a strong electrolyte. A. Exchange Reactions: AB + CD AD + CB 1. If both reactants and products are water-soluble compounds, then no overall re ...
... When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they dissociate into ions surrounded by water molecules. An ionic compound that completely dissolves into ions is a strong electrolyte. A. Exchange Reactions: AB + CD AD + CB 1. If both reactants and products are water-soluble compounds, then no overall re ...
Chemistry Mid-Term Review Sheet
... 47. Define groups and periods. 48. What are the following groups called: Group 1, 2, 3 – 12, 17, and 18? 49. List the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. 50. What does each row on the periodic table represent? 51. How did Mendeleev arrange his periodic table? 52. How is the modern perio ...
... 47. Define groups and periods. 48. What are the following groups called: Group 1, 2, 3 – 12, 17, and 18? 49. List the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. 50. What does each row on the periodic table represent? 51. How did Mendeleev arrange his periodic table? 52. How is the modern perio ...
Scientific Method - Virtual Medical Academy
... Chemistry:-The study of matter and the changes it can undergo MATTER:-Matter is any thing occupies space and has a mass. Matter------> has mass , mass to weight , occupies space. There are things you can see.. "e.x: water, tree, food". And there are things you can't see.. " air, gas in gas cylinders ...
... Chemistry:-The study of matter and the changes it can undergo MATTER:-Matter is any thing occupies space and has a mass. Matter------> has mass , mass to weight , occupies space. There are things you can see.. "e.x: water, tree, food". And there are things you can't see.. " air, gas in gas cylinders ...
File
... 89. The ability to conduct electricity in the solid state is a characteristic of metallic bonding. This characteristic is best explained by the presence of A) high ionization energies B) high electronegativities C) mobile electrons D) mobile protons 90. Which formula represents a nonpolar molecule c ...
... 89. The ability to conduct electricity in the solid state is a characteristic of metallic bonding. This characteristic is best explained by the presence of A) high ionization energies B) high electronegativities C) mobile electrons D) mobile protons 90. Which formula represents a nonpolar molecule c ...
urbano, mariajose
... carbon will form. • Usually has an atomic number of 6; therefore, it has 4 valence electrons. • Usually completes its outer energy shell by sharing valence electrons in four covalent bonds. (Not likely to form ionic bonds.) Emergent properties, such as the kinds and number of bonds carbon will form, ...
... carbon will form. • Usually has an atomic number of 6; therefore, it has 4 valence electrons. • Usually completes its outer energy shell by sharing valence electrons in four covalent bonds. (Not likely to form ionic bonds.) Emergent properties, such as the kinds and number of bonds carbon will form, ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.