The format of this test is MULTIPLE CHOICE
... 1. __Condensation___ occurs when a gas becomes a liquid. 2. All matter is made up of tiny particles called __atoms___. 3. When a solid becomes a liquid, _melting_____ occurs. 4. An _element_____ is made up of only one type of atom. 5. __freezing___ changes a liquid into a solid. 6. A mixture is made ...
... 1. __Condensation___ occurs when a gas becomes a liquid. 2. All matter is made up of tiny particles called __atoms___. 3. When a solid becomes a liquid, _melting_____ occurs. 4. An _element_____ is made up of only one type of atom. 5. __freezing___ changes a liquid into a solid. 6. A mixture is made ...
QPexam2012 - QMplus - Queen Mary University of London
... Question A1 What is the energy, expressed in eV, of a photon of wavelength λ = 0.1 nm? [5 marks] Question A2 Write down the Stefan-Boltzmann law for the total emissive power of a blackbody. [5 marks] Question A3 A certain star emits radiation mainly in the infrared with wavelength of 900 nm, while a ...
... Question A1 What is the energy, expressed in eV, of a photon of wavelength λ = 0.1 nm? [5 marks] Question A2 Write down the Stefan-Boltzmann law for the total emissive power of a blackbody. [5 marks] Question A3 A certain star emits radiation mainly in the infrared with wavelength of 900 nm, while a ...
Chemistry primer Atom = the smallest unit of an element Element
... (the more reliable ones for mineral identification) Hardness: Resistance to scratching. Greater hardness due to: strong bonds, tight structure, small ions Cleavage: Planes of weakness along which a mineral breaks. Reflect crystalline structure, Cleavage occurs along planes of weakness between atoms. ...
... (the more reliable ones for mineral identification) Hardness: Resistance to scratching. Greater hardness due to: strong bonds, tight structure, small ions Cleavage: Planes of weakness along which a mineral breaks. Reflect crystalline structure, Cleavage occurs along planes of weakness between atoms. ...
Unit Two Objectives
... It VERY important to remember that Standard Atmospheric Pressure is 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere, or 760 mm Hg (torr). The boiling point for liquids AT THIS PRESSURE is the NORMAL BOILING POINT. 3. Interpret a phase diagram of a substance at any given temperature and pressure. The TRIPLE POINT is wher ...
... It VERY important to remember that Standard Atmospheric Pressure is 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere, or 760 mm Hg (torr). The boiling point for liquids AT THIS PRESSURE is the NORMAL BOILING POINT. 3. Interpret a phase diagram of a substance at any given temperature and pressure. The TRIPLE POINT is wher ...
Atomic Structure
... Thus, for small particles like electrons or photons, it is not possible to determine both the position and the momentum simultaneously with the same accuracy. This uncertainty leads to some strange effects. For example, in a Quantum Mechanical world, I cannot predict where a particle will be with 10 ...
... Thus, for small particles like electrons or photons, it is not possible to determine both the position and the momentum simultaneously with the same accuracy. This uncertainty leads to some strange effects. For example, in a Quantum Mechanical world, I cannot predict where a particle will be with 10 ...
Final Exam Review Day 1
... Kinetic Molecular Theory assumes gases are made up of _________ ___________ moving in _____________ ___________, colliding into each other with ______________ collisions. As temperature increases, the particle movement also _____________________. Gases do not behave ideally when gases stop moving (o ...
... Kinetic Molecular Theory assumes gases are made up of _________ ___________ moving in _____________ ___________, colliding into each other with ______________ collisions. As temperature increases, the particle movement also _____________________. Gases do not behave ideally when gases stop moving (o ...
Ionic Bonding
... The experimental lattice energy of NaCl is −787 kJ/mol. Shown as negative value Exothermic ...
... The experimental lattice energy of NaCl is −787 kJ/mol. Shown as negative value Exothermic ...
Schrodinger models of the atom
... Each shell is assigned a number (called the principal quantum number), starting at the nucleus and increasing outwards (1, 2, 3...). The maximum number of electrons for any shell is given by the formula 2n2 where n stands for the shell number, for example, for shell number 3, 2 X (3)2 = 18 electro ...
... Each shell is assigned a number (called the principal quantum number), starting at the nucleus and increasing outwards (1, 2, 3...). The maximum number of electrons for any shell is given by the formula 2n2 where n stands for the shell number, for example, for shell number 3, 2 X (3)2 = 18 electro ...
1 - kurtniedenzu
... b. Stephen Jay Gould c. Throckmorton P. Guildersleeve d. Ernest B. Rutherford 15. Which numbered arrow in the diagram below gives the best indicator of the time at which the particle model of the atom became generally accepted by chemists and physicists? ...
... b. Stephen Jay Gould c. Throckmorton P. Guildersleeve d. Ernest B. Rutherford 15. Which numbered arrow in the diagram below gives the best indicator of the time at which the particle model of the atom became generally accepted by chemists and physicists? ...
Section 5-1
... • The wave model of light cannot explain all of light’s characteristics. • Matter can gain or lose energy only in small, specific amounts called quanta. • Max Planck (1900) observed - emission of light from hot objects •Concluded - energy is emitted in small, specific amounts (quanta) • A quantum is ...
... • The wave model of light cannot explain all of light’s characteristics. • Matter can gain or lose energy only in small, specific amounts called quanta. • Max Planck (1900) observed - emission of light from hot objects •Concluded - energy is emitted in small, specific amounts (quanta) • A quantum is ...
1 - College of Arts and Sciences
... • ACCURACY refers to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value • PRECISION refers to how closely individual measurements agree with one another. ...
... • ACCURACY refers to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value • PRECISION refers to how closely individual measurements agree with one another. ...
Chemistry 1 Revision: Metals and their uses
... Elements are shown in the P...................... T................... Metals are found on the l................. and c..................., non-metals are found on the r................ of the P...................... T.................... Elements in the same g.................... have similar p.... ...
... Elements are shown in the P...................... T................... Metals are found on the l................. and c..................., non-metals are found on the r................ of the P...................... T.................... Elements in the same g.................... have similar p.... ...
Comparison of the Bohr and Quantum Mechanical
... Comparison of the Bohr and Quantum Mechanical Models of the Atom 1. In the Bohr Model, the electron is treated as a particle in fixed orbits around the nucleus. In the Quantum Mechanical Model, the electron is treated mathematically as a wave. The electron has properties of both particles and waves. ...
... Comparison of the Bohr and Quantum Mechanical Models of the Atom 1. In the Bohr Model, the electron is treated as a particle in fixed orbits around the nucleus. In the Quantum Mechanical Model, the electron is treated mathematically as a wave. The electron has properties of both particles and waves. ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material. XPS spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of X-rays while simultaneously measuring the kinetic energy and number of electrons that escape from the top 0 to 10 nm of the material being analyzed. XPS requires high vacuum (P ~ 10−8 millibar) or ultra-high vacuum (UHV; P < 10−9 millibar) conditions, although a current area of development is ambient-pressure XPS, in which samples are analyzed at pressures of a few tens of millibar.XPS is a surface chemical analysis technique that can be used to analyze the surface chemistry of a material in its as-received state, or after some treatment, for example: fracturing, cutting or scraping in air or UHV to expose the bulk chemistry, ion beam etching to clean off some or all of the surface contamination (with mild ion etching) or to intentionally expose deeper layers of the sample (with more extensive ion etching) in depth-profiling XPS, exposure to heat to study the changes due to heating, exposure to reactive gases or solutions, exposure to ion beam implant, exposure to ultraviolet light.XPS is also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), an abbreviation introduced by Kai Siegbahn's research group to emphasize the chemical (rather than merely elemental) information that the technique provides.In principle XPS detects all elements. In practice, using typical laboratory-scale X-ray sources, XPS detects all elements with an atomic number (Z) of 3 (lithium) and above. It cannot easily detect hydrogen (Z = 1) or helium (Z = 2).Detection limits for most of the elements (on a modern instrument) are in the parts per thousand range. Detection limits of parts per million (ppm) are possible, but require special conditions: concentration at top surface or very long collection time (overnight).XPS is routinely used to analyze inorganic compounds, metal alloys, semiconductors, polymers, elements, catalysts, glasses, ceramics, paints, papers, inks, woods, plant parts, make-up, teeth, bones, medical implants, bio-materials, viscous oils, glues, ion-modified materials and many others.XPS is less routinely used to analyze the hydrated forms of some of the above materials by freezing the samples in their hydrated state in an ultra pure environment, and allowing or causing multilayers of ice to sublime away prior to analysis. Such hydrated XPS analysis allows hydrated sample structures, which may be different from vacuum-dehydrated sample structures, to be studied in their more relevant as-used hydrated structure. Many bio-materials such as hydrogels are examples of such samples.