RNA - Universitas Esa Unggul
... mature mRNA. This removes its introns—non-coding sections of the pre-mRNA. ...
... mature mRNA. This removes its introns—non-coding sections of the pre-mRNA. ...
Lecture 19 Spring 2011
... Frameshift mutations—additions or deletions of one or two nucleotide pairs, which alter the reading frame of the gene distal to the site of the mutation. ...
... Frameshift mutations—additions or deletions of one or two nucleotide pairs, which alter the reading frame of the gene distal to the site of the mutation. ...
12_ Nucleic Acids
... 1953. This was perhaps the greatest discovery of modern biology and one of the most remarkable and profound events in the history of science. Watson and Crick concluded that DNA is a double helix containing two polynucleotide strands wound as if around a central axis. A good analogy would be to thin ...
... 1953. This was perhaps the greatest discovery of modern biology and one of the most remarkable and profound events in the history of science. Watson and Crick concluded that DNA is a double helix containing two polynucleotide strands wound as if around a central axis. A good analogy would be to thin ...
DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
... • Better food crops (?) GMO’s are genetically modified organisms (usually food); taste better, grow larger • CSI – DNA provides the evidence to prove a criminal’s involvement in a crime ...
... • Better food crops (?) GMO’s are genetically modified organisms (usually food); taste better, grow larger • CSI – DNA provides the evidence to prove a criminal’s involvement in a crime ...
Polymerase chain reaction
... Ronald Cape, Peter Farley, and Donald Glaser. Initially the company screens for microorganisms capable of producing components used in the manufacture of food, chemicals, vaccines, or pharmaceuticals. After moving to nearby Emeryville, they take up projects involving the new biotechnology industry, ...
... Ronald Cape, Peter Farley, and Donald Glaser. Initially the company screens for microorganisms capable of producing components used in the manufacture of food, chemicals, vaccines, or pharmaceuticals. After moving to nearby Emeryville, they take up projects involving the new biotechnology industry, ...
"Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
... Template DNA This contains the DNA sequence to be amplified. The template DNA is usually a complex mixture of many different sequences, as is found in genomic DNA, but any DNA molecule that contains the target sequence can be used. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) can also be used for PCR by first making a DN ...
... Template DNA This contains the DNA sequence to be amplified. The template DNA is usually a complex mixture of many different sequences, as is found in genomic DNA, but any DNA molecule that contains the target sequence can be used. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) can also be used for PCR by first making a DN ...
12.1 Components of Nucleic Acids
... 1953. This was perhaps the greatest discovery of modern biology and one of the most remarkable and profound events in the history of science. Watson and Crick concluded that DNA is a double helix containing two polynucleotide strands wound as if around a central axis. A good analogy would be to thin ...
... 1953. This was perhaps the greatest discovery of modern biology and one of the most remarkable and profound events in the history of science. Watson and Crick concluded that DNA is a double helix containing two polynucleotide strands wound as if around a central axis. A good analogy would be to thin ...
Figure 16.7a, c
... these living cells became pathogenic EXPERIMENT Bacteria of the “S” (smooth) strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae are pathogenic because they have a capsule that protects them from an animal’s defense system. Bacteria of the “R” (rough) strain lack a capsule and are nonpathogenic. Frederick Griffith i ...
... these living cells became pathogenic EXPERIMENT Bacteria of the “S” (smooth) strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae are pathogenic because they have a capsule that protects them from an animal’s defense system. Bacteria of the “R” (rough) strain lack a capsule and are nonpathogenic. Frederick Griffith i ...
handout nucleic acids and DNA replication
... In eukaryotic cells, the polypeptide is released into cavity of the RER for transport through the cell. Often several ribosomes "read" simultaneously along the same messenger so that several polypeptides can be made from the same mRNA. A chain of ribosomes attached to the same mRNA is called a polys ...
... In eukaryotic cells, the polypeptide is released into cavity of the RER for transport through the cell. Often several ribosomes "read" simultaneously along the same messenger so that several polypeptides can be made from the same mRNA. A chain of ribosomes attached to the same mRNA is called a polys ...
Chapter 4: DNA and Chromosomes
... Most impt function of chromosomes= carry genes Gene= segment of DNA containing info for making protein (not true for RNA molec that perform diverse functions) Correlation btwn complexity of organism and gene number Generally, more complex organisms have larger genomes, but not always No relationship ...
... Most impt function of chromosomes= carry genes Gene= segment of DNA containing info for making protein (not true for RNA molec that perform diverse functions) Correlation btwn complexity of organism and gene number Generally, more complex organisms have larger genomes, but not always No relationship ...
Document
... D. DNA replication 0.5__B___26. Restriction enzymes are used by this organism to defend themselves. A. Viruses B. bacteria C. Fungi D. Mycoplasma 1.0__A___27. A blot technique that is involved in the analysis of DNA: A. Southern blot B. Northern blot C. Western blot D. Eastern blot 1.0__C___28. When ...
... D. DNA replication 0.5__B___26. Restriction enzymes are used by this organism to defend themselves. A. Viruses B. bacteria C. Fungi D. Mycoplasma 1.0__A___27. A blot technique that is involved in the analysis of DNA: A. Southern blot B. Northern blot C. Western blot D. Eastern blot 1.0__C___28. When ...
Study questions - Pre-lab
... d. What do we mean when we say a SNP is associated with a certain phenotypic trait? We mean that it’s not necessarily causal to the phenotypic trait. The SNP segregates with the trait, but it may or may not be its underlying cause (for example, the SNP DNA may be in very close proximity to the DNA u ...
... d. What do we mean when we say a SNP is associated with a certain phenotypic trait? We mean that it’s not necessarily causal to the phenotypic trait. The SNP segregates with the trait, but it may or may not be its underlying cause (for example, the SNP DNA may be in very close proximity to the DNA u ...
Paper 2
... Diagram 1 shows variation in a species of fish living in a lake. There was a rocky island that extended across the whole length of the lake, but it was under water due to the high water level. The fish were therefore able to move freely throughout the lake. Diagram 2 shows the same lake many years l ...
... Diagram 1 shows variation in a species of fish living in a lake. There was a rocky island that extended across the whole length of the lake, but it was under water due to the high water level. The fish were therefore able to move freely throughout the lake. Diagram 2 shows the same lake many years l ...
Chapter 7
... • Expression of high levels of protein from plasmid vectors is transient and results in loss of the vector or death of the host cells. • Foe enhanced expression and stability, the target gene is integrated into euchromatin, rather than heterochromatin. • Techniques to relax chromatin structure and t ...
... • Expression of high levels of protein from plasmid vectors is transient and results in loss of the vector or death of the host cells. • Foe enhanced expression and stability, the target gene is integrated into euchromatin, rather than heterochromatin. • Techniques to relax chromatin structure and t ...
File - western undergrad. by the students, for the students.
... itself for potential avenues for cures. For example, inhibiting the gene expression of a pathogen (e.g. viruses) provides a clear and specific pathway for a cure. Steps in controlling Gene Expression The Central Dogma in its simplest form (See figure 7-1): transcription DNA ----- > ...
... itself for potential avenues for cures. For example, inhibiting the gene expression of a pathogen (e.g. viruses) provides a clear and specific pathway for a cure. Steps in controlling Gene Expression The Central Dogma in its simplest form (See figure 7-1): transcription DNA ----- > ...
Physical Mapping I
... Restriction Site Mapping • There are two techniques for measuring the length of fragments between restriction sites Apply two different restriction enzymes to the target DNA Each enzyme cuts at a different location Apply enzyme A, apply enzyme B, and also apply both A and B together Now we ...
... Restriction Site Mapping • There are two techniques for measuring the length of fragments between restriction sites Apply two different restriction enzymes to the target DNA Each enzyme cuts at a different location Apply enzyme A, apply enzyme B, and also apply both A and B together Now we ...
16_LectureOutlines_LO - AP
... It takes E. coli 25 minutes to copy each of the 5 million base pairs in its single chromosome and divide to form two identical daughter cells. IG Lecture Outlines 16-4 ...
... It takes E. coli 25 minutes to copy each of the 5 million base pairs in its single chromosome and divide to form two identical daughter cells. IG Lecture Outlines 16-4 ...
Biochemistry
... Messenger RNA transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Transfer RNAs serve as adapter molecules in protein synthesis; covalently linked to an amino acid at one end, they pair with the mRNA in such a way that amino acids are joined to a growing polypeptide in the cor ...
... Messenger RNA transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Transfer RNAs serve as adapter molecules in protein synthesis; covalently linked to an amino acid at one end, they pair with the mRNA in such a way that amino acids are joined to a growing polypeptide in the cor ...
High-throughput cloning of eukaryotic open reading frames (ORFs
... purification of proteins expressed from these clones will be presented on other posters. ...
... purification of proteins expressed from these clones will be presented on other posters. ...
Microarrays Central dogma
... - What mRNAs are present in the cell and in what quantities => inferences regarding the state of the cell. - Transcriptome: The complete collection of the organism’s mRNAs . - Why not study the proteins? - The function of a protein is determined not just by its amino acid sequence, but also the spec ...
... - What mRNAs are present in the cell and in what quantities => inferences regarding the state of the cell. - Transcriptome: The complete collection of the organism’s mRNAs . - Why not study the proteins? - The function of a protein is determined not just by its amino acid sequence, but also the spec ...
9/11
... DNA Composition: In humans: •Each cell contains ~6 billion base pairs of DNA. •This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide. •~3% directly codes for amino acids •~10% is genes •In a single human cell only about 5-10% of genes are expressed at a time. ...
... DNA Composition: In humans: •Each cell contains ~6 billion base pairs of DNA. •This DNA is ~2 meters long and 2 nm wide. •~3% directly codes for amino acids •~10% is genes •In a single human cell only about 5-10% of genes are expressed at a time. ...
Fundamentals of Biotechnology
... Mouse Knock-outs require embryonic stem (ES) cells These are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a blastocyst (the ICM is what will become the fetus) ES cells are pluripotent meaning they can become all the different cell types found in an adult ...
... Mouse Knock-outs require embryonic stem (ES) cells These are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a blastocyst (the ICM is what will become the fetus) ES cells are pluripotent meaning they can become all the different cell types found in an adult ...
Molecular cloning
Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine.In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then introduced into a host organism (typically an easy-to-grow, benign, laboratory strain of E. coli bacteria). This will generate a population of organisms in which recombinant DNA molecules are replicated along with the host DNA. Because they contain foreign DNA fragments, these are transgenic or genetically modified microorganisms (GMO). This process takes advantage of the fact that a single bacterial cell can be induced to take up and replicate a single recombinant DNA molecule. This single cell can then be expanded exponentially to generate a large amount of bacteria, each of which contain copies of the original recombinant molecule. Thus, both the resulting bacterial population, and the recombinant DNA molecule, are commonly referred to as ""clones"". Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them.