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Recitation Notes for RDM Day 1 1. Module Overview –
Recitation Notes for RDM Day 1 1. Module Overview –

... galactosidase). ALWAYS on ice. New pipette each time you go into tube; hold by top of tube. Enzyme is stored in 50% glycerol, so that it does not freeze at -20 degrees Celsius and the enzyme retains its function. However, more than 5% glycerol in a digest reaction will disrupt the proper reaction- e ...
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... 20. ___________________________ (rRNA) binds to the mRNA and uses the instructions to assemble amino acids in the correct order 21. ___________________________ (tRNA) is the supplier. Transfer RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into a protein 22. In the nucleus, enzymes make a ...
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Transformation (genetics)



In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material (exogenous DNA) from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane(s). Transformation occurs naturally in some species of bacteria, but it can also be effected by artificial means in other cells. For transformation to happen, bacteria must be in a state of competence, which might occur as a time-limited response to environmental conditions such as starvation and cell density.Transformation is one of three processes by which exogenous genetic material may be introduced into a bacterial cell, the other two being conjugation (transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact) and transduction (injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage virus into the host bacterium).""Transformation"" may also be used to describe the insertion of new genetic material into nonbacterial cells, including animal and plant cells; however, because ""transformation"" has a special meaning in relation to animal cells, indicating progression to a cancerous state, the term should be avoided for animal cells when describing introduction of exogenous genetic material. Introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells is often called ""transfection"".
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