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IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

Series and Parallel Circuits Computer Lab
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OP213 - Farnell

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I-1 Inductor 1 consists of a single loop of wire
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HKUST Institutional Repository - Hong Kong University of Science
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... Therefore, the amplitude of the pulse train of the ring oscillator is VDD , but fosc is VDD-independent. Experimental results: The proposed approach has been implemented in silicon. Fig. 4 shows a micrograph, in which each building block is indicated. The active chip area is about 450  360 mm, excl ...
Example Report
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Page 43, Foundation Electronics, Kemp
Page 43, Foundation Electronics, Kemp

Dwarkadas. J. Sanghvi College of Engineering Department of
Dwarkadas. J. Sanghvi College of Engineering Department of

Introduction
Introduction

< 1 ... 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 ... 609 >

Operational amplifier



An operational amplifier (""op-amp"") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. In this configuration, an op-amp produces an output potential (relative to circuit ground) that is typically hundreds of thousands of times larger than the potential difference between its input terminals.Operational amplifiers had their origins in analog computers, where they were used to do mathematical operations in many linear, non-linear and frequency-dependent circuits. The popularity of the op-amp as a building block in analog circuits is due to its versatility. Due to negative feedback, the characteristics of an op-amp circuit, its gain, input and output impedance, bandwidth etc. are determined by external components and have little dependence on temperature coefficients or manufacturing variations in the op-amp itself.Op-amps are among the most widely used electronic devices today, being used in a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific devices. Many standard IC op-amps cost only a few cents in moderate production volume; however some integrated or hybrid operational amplifiers with special performance specifications may cost over $100 US in small quantities. Op-amps may be packaged as components, or used as elements of more complex integrated circuits.The op-amp is one type of differential amplifier. Other types of differential amplifier include the fully differential amplifier (similar to the op-amp, but with two outputs), the instrumentation amplifier (usually built from three op-amps), the isolation amplifier (similar to the instrumentation amplifier, but with tolerance to common-mode voltages that would destroy an ordinary op-amp), and negative feedback amplifier (usually built from one or more op-amps and a resistive feedback network).
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