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AN-1329 APPLICATION NOTE
AN-1329 APPLICATION NOTE

... Some LDOs allow the use of an external capacitor to filter the reference. In fact, many ultralow noise LDOs require the use of an external noise reduction capacitor, usually denoted as CBYP in the application schematic, to achieve their low noise specifications. The drawback of only filtering the re ...
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... There are many I/O standards that have different voltage level requirements for the input voltage (VIH or VIL) and output voltage (VOH or VOL) typically based on the device operating voltage. The different technologies available in circuit design determine the input voltage threshold and output volt ...
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... The sequences of all phases are referred to the first one (phase 1). In this phase, the constant part (or offset) is measured. This phase also contains the synchronization for the microcontroller, since the output frequency in this phase is doubled. During the described measurements, an Intel 87C51F ...
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... 20. True or False? Boolean algebra allows us to apply provable mathematical principles to the design of circuits. 21. True or False? DeMorgan's law states that inverting the output of an AND gate is equivalent to inverting the individual input signals and then passing them through an OR gate. 22. Tr ...
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... drivers with resistive or current source pull-ups. This protocol allows multiple devices to drive and monitor the bus without bus contention. The simplicity of resistive or fixed current source pull-ups is offset by the slow rise times they afford when bus capacitance is high. Rise times can be impr ...
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SPECIAL PROTECTION SCHEME

... Modern numerical relays are often designed to be able to operate correctly even when the CT saturates after a very short time. The required minimum time to saturation for these relays is often very short. Sometimes the required time to saturation can be even less than 2 ms. To get the benefit of the ...
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file (7.8 MB, pdf)

... • It is one of the applications of opamp (Figure 17.34). • Peak detector circuit produces a voltage at the output equal to peak amplitude of the input signal. • Essentially, it is a clipper-circuit with a parallel resistor-capacitor connected at its output. • Here is how it works:  The clipper repr ...
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Operational amplifier



An operational amplifier (""op-amp"") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. In this configuration, an op-amp produces an output potential (relative to circuit ground) that is typically hundreds of thousands of times larger than the potential difference between its input terminals.Operational amplifiers had their origins in analog computers, where they were used to do mathematical operations in many linear, non-linear and frequency-dependent circuits. The popularity of the op-amp as a building block in analog circuits is due to its versatility. Due to negative feedback, the characteristics of an op-amp circuit, its gain, input and output impedance, bandwidth etc. are determined by external components and have little dependence on temperature coefficients or manufacturing variations in the op-amp itself.Op-amps are among the most widely used electronic devices today, being used in a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific devices. Many standard IC op-amps cost only a few cents in moderate production volume; however some integrated or hybrid operational amplifiers with special performance specifications may cost over $100 US in small quantities. Op-amps may be packaged as components, or used as elements of more complex integrated circuits.The op-amp is one type of differential amplifier. Other types of differential amplifier include the fully differential amplifier (similar to the op-amp, but with two outputs), the instrumentation amplifier (usually built from three op-amps), the isolation amplifier (similar to the instrumentation amplifier, but with tolerance to common-mode voltages that would destroy an ordinary op-amp), and negative feedback amplifier (usually built from one or more op-amps and a resistive feedback network).
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