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biological bases of behavior
biological bases of behavior

... The “tail” of the neuron; sends info away from the cell body Made up of several glial cells, insulates the axon to make sure no random signals get in and no signals slip out The areas between the synaptic end bulbs and dendrites of another neuron where neurotransmitters are released and taken. The b ...
Document
Document

... negative ions. This exchange affects straight to the end of axon, and consequently causing the terminal buttons to open, releasing certain chemicals we known as neuron-transmitters, in which in turns affact other neurons. And then the neurons give rise to fire. The change in charge that moves from ...
What is a Seizure?
What is a Seizure?

... What causes epilepsy?  In about 70% of people with epilepsy, the cause is not ...
i. what is memory?
i. what is memory?

... The biological perspective of memory focuses on changes in neurons and hormones, as well as searching for the locations of memory in the brain. Hebb’s original idea that memory traces consist of specific neural circuits is supported by research on long-term potentiation (LTP). When we are stressed o ...
PPT (20-21)
PPT (20-21)

... Outline • Describe the other sensory processes ...
diencephalon - ugur baran kasirga web pages
diencephalon - ugur baran kasirga web pages

... Functions of the Diencephalon • The diencephalon ("interbrain") is the region of the vertebrate neural tube that gives rise to posterior forebrain structures. • In development, the forebrain develops from the prosencephalon , the most anterior vesicle of the neural tube that later forms both the di ...
Sensory Areas
Sensory Areas

... Body is represented spatially in the primary motor cortex Motor Areas—Frontal Eye Field ...
Computational physics of the mind.
Computational physics of the mind.

... 1014 , operating with a maximum speed of 100 operations per second and resolution of about 7 bits there is enough computing power and enough adaptive parameters to account for various aspects of human memory and cognition. The problem is not in the complexity or speed of information processing, as ...
memory
memory

... Atkinson & Shiffrin proposed a model for memory consisting of three kinds/stages through which information passes in a sequential way. Sensory  STM  LTM. They are seen as separate sub-systems but they operate simultaneously and interact with other. Information from environment  sensory memory  S ...
Hippocampal and neocortical contributions to memory: advances in
Hippocampal and neocortical contributions to memory: advances in

... two basic types of learning that an organism must engage in – learning about specifics versus generalities – which require conflicting neural architectures as summarized in Fig. 1. Thus, each of these types of learning can be more optimally achieved by using two separate, but nonetheless highly inte ...
Chapter 12 - Nervous Tissue
Chapter 12 - Nervous Tissue

... axons or dendrites; produce the __________ sheath around PNS neuron axons 1) ______________ is the outer nucleated cytoplasmic layer of a Schwann cell; helps regenerate damaged myelinated PNS neuron axon or dendrite. 2) _______ of ___________ (neurofibral nodes) are gaps between myelin sheaths on th ...
Central Nervous System - Amudala Assistance Area
Central Nervous System - Amudala Assistance Area

... The action of the spinal cord Sensory neurons pick up signals from the skin and transfer that information to connector neurons in the spinal cord and/or brain. This information is relayed on to the motor neurons in the spinal cord to illicit a response. ...
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System

... The action of the spinal cord Sensory neurons pick up signals from the skin and transfer that information to connector neurons in the spinal cord and/or brain. This information is relayed on to the motor neurons in the spinal cord to illicit a response. ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)

... Neural Networks are the systems constructed and inspired by the Human Brain. The central neural systems are important to all the living beings and they seem to work well in their common locality of high complexity. Brain, which is the supervisory centre of the neural system, is able of learn new cir ...
presentation - The Claremont Practice
presentation - The Claremont Practice

... Over-learning involves memorizing information over and over again, even after you can recall it perfectly. Time plays an important role, as over-learning allows the individual to assess whether the information can be recalled 2 hours, 2 days or even 2 weeks after it was memorized. Memorizing on loca ...
1 - users.cs.umn.edu - University of Minnesota
1 - users.cs.umn.edu - University of Minnesota

... Qualia are the qualitative aspects of our mental states, such as the color sensations, taste of a chocolate, pleasure and pain. One might conclude that qualia cannot be understood in terms of physical brain functions, that something else is needed to explain them. Chalmers idea is that “patterns car ...
Neurology—midterm review
Neurology—midterm review

... *this pathway is distinct from the other two in that in synapses with another neuron in the cord (internuncial neuron) which functions to form a reflex arc back to the area of pain and causes the body to move away from the source of pain -pressure and crude touch (from the dermis) *when the 1º neuro ...
Visual System Part 1 – Visual Perception
Visual System Part 1 – Visual Perception

... What the LGN does • It works as a gatekeeper for the visual cortex – By modulating strength of synchrony, cortex can control efficiency of thalamic input – By modulating burst mode, it can control the responsiveness to the outer world into nonresponsive, alert/expectant, and continuous processing U ...
The virtue of simplicity
The virtue of simplicity

... Multiple local motions must be combined to determine the direction of object motion, which is harder than it seems. A new paper proposes an elegant and simple solution to this problem, eminently realizable in feed-forward circuits. Physicists have long regarded simpler models as more valuable, no ma ...
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY
FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY

... processes them, and secretes the finished chemical product for use somewhere in the body. Endocrine glands release more than 20 major hormones directly into the bloodstream where they can be transported to cells in other parts of the body. F. The “Waste Removal” System- Some other systems like the r ...
Supplementary Methods
Supplementary Methods

... The findings of the behavioral experiment can be seen in Figure S1. Rats infused with KN-93 exhibited intact post-shock freezing during training that did not significantly differ from vehicle infused controls (Fig. S1B). The ANOVA for post-shock freezing scores showed only a significant effect of tr ...
Networked Nature of Society - the Department of Computer and
Networked Nature of Society - the Department of Computer and

... • So: – at some point have learned “pelican” and “brief” in separate cells – need to have cells connected to both to learn conjunction – but not too many such cells! ...
Work toward real-time control of a cortical neural prothesis
Work toward real-time control of a cortical neural prothesis

... at 40 000 samples/s. Online spike discrimination is controlled interactively by the user and applies standard techniques of waveform template matching to isolate the neural activity from the lower background noise. The system saves spike waveforms and timestamps to the computer hard drive for all of ...
Neurons
Neurons

... Myelin Sheath – Fatty material made by glial cells – Insulates the axon – Allows for rapid movement of electrical impulses along axon – Nodes of Ranvier: gaps in myelin sheath where action potentials are transmitted – Multiple sclerosis is a breakdown of myelin sheath – Speed of neural impulse Rang ...


... By neurocomputational I assume Litt et al. (2006) imply computation mediated by axonal action potentials (firings or spikes) and axonal-dendritic (or axonal-somatic) chemical synaptic connections of variable strength between neurons. In this neural network paradigm, individual dendrites of each neur ...
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Holonomic brain theory

The holonomic brain theory, developed by neuroscientist Karl Pribram initially in collaboration with physicist David Bohm, is a model of human cognition that describes the brain as a holographic storage network. Pribram suggests these processes involve electric oscillations in the brain's fine-fibered dendritic webs, which are different from the more commonly known action potentials involving axons and synapses. These oscillations are waves and create wave interference patterns in which memory is encoded naturally, and the waves may be analyzed by a Fourier transform. Gabor, Pribram and others noted the similarities between these brain processes and the storage of information in a hologram, which can also be analyzed with a Fourier transform. In a hologram, any part of the hologram with sufficient size contains the whole of the stored information. In this theory, a piece of a long-term memory is similarly distributed over a dendritic arbor so that each part of the dendritic network contains all the information stored over the entire network. This model allows for important aspects of human consciousness, including the fast associative memory that allows for connections between different pieces of stored information and the non-locality of memory storage (a specific memory is not stored in a specific location, i.e. a certain neuron).
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