Lasers, Optics Enhance Optogenetics Studies
... power stability over time. This is crucial, as an experiment can run for hours, and stable power ensures that artifacts are not created from variations in the light application. Therefore, power variation of less than 2 percent is a must. The laser’s modulation capability must also be considered. Th ...
... power stability over time. This is crucial, as an experiment can run for hours, and stable power ensures that artifacts are not created from variations in the light application. Therefore, power variation of less than 2 percent is a must. The laser’s modulation capability must also be considered. Th ...
Increased leak conductance alters ISI variability.
... Neuronal responses in high-conductance states are probabilistic because of the high variability of responses due to the presence of fluctuating background activity Change the response properties of neurons Red- deterministic neuron Green- probabilistic neuron ...
... Neuronal responses in high-conductance states are probabilistic because of the high variability of responses due to the presence of fluctuating background activity Change the response properties of neurons Red- deterministic neuron Green- probabilistic neuron ...
Edexcel GCSE Psychology Student Book Sample Pages
... the eyewitness gives to the police is called their testimony. Sometimes an eyewitness’s testimony is not very accurate. This matters because either an innocent person could be accused of a crime ...
... the eyewitness gives to the police is called their testimony. Sometimes an eyewitness’s testimony is not very accurate. This matters because either an innocent person could be accused of a crime ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... A central issue in cognitive neuroscience today concerns how distributed neural networks in the brain that are used in language learning and processing can be involved in non-linguistic cognitive sequence learning. This issue is informed by a wealth of functional neurophysiology studies of sentence ...
... A central issue in cognitive neuroscience today concerns how distributed neural networks in the brain that are used in language learning and processing can be involved in non-linguistic cognitive sequence learning. This issue is informed by a wealth of functional neurophysiology studies of sentence ...
A Symmetric Approach Elucidates Multisensory Information Integration
... the solitary tract of the awake, freely licking rat. A multisensory network for olfactory processing, via primary gustatory cortex connections to primary olfactory cortex, once again suggests that sensory processing may be more intrinsically integrative than previously thought [28]. In sum, the curr ...
... the solitary tract of the awake, freely licking rat. A multisensory network for olfactory processing, via primary gustatory cortex connections to primary olfactory cortex, once again suggests that sensory processing may be more intrinsically integrative than previously thought [28]. In sum, the curr ...
How Is the Brain Organized?
... instance, they named one region of the brain the gyrus fornicatus because they thought it had a role in sexual function. In fact, most of this region has nothing to do with sexual function. Another area was named the red nucleus because it appears reddish in fresh tissue. This name denotes nothing o ...
... instance, they named one region of the brain the gyrus fornicatus because they thought it had a role in sexual function. In fact, most of this region has nothing to do with sexual function. Another area was named the red nucleus because it appears reddish in fresh tissue. This name denotes nothing o ...
PSYCHOLOGY
... electric shock. After this has happened a few times, Eloise associates light switches with a startle response. In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is A. the light switch. B. Eloise’s bedroom. C. the electric current. D. the startle response. Question 27 In the terminology of classical condi ...
... electric shock. After this has happened a few times, Eloise associates light switches with a startle response. In this scenario, the unconditioned stimulus is A. the light switch. B. Eloise’s bedroom. C. the electric current. D. the startle response. Question 27 In the terminology of classical condi ...
The Nervous System
... What is the primary function of CNIV What is the origin of CNIV What is the destination of CNIV What is special about CNIV What is CNV What is the primary function of CNV What are the branches of CNV and what are their functions What is the origin of CNV1 What is the origin of CNV2 What is the origi ...
... What is the primary function of CNIV What is the origin of CNIV What is the destination of CNIV What is special about CNIV What is CNV What is the primary function of CNV What are the branches of CNV and what are their functions What is the origin of CNV1 What is the origin of CNV2 What is the origi ...
Synaptic receptors, neurotransmitters and brain modulators
... dopamine given as a drug does not directly affect the CNS. To increase the amount of dopamine in the brains of patients with diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Dopa-Responsive Dystonia, L-DOPA (levodopa), (the precursor), can be given because it can cross the blood-brain barrier. ...
... dopamine given as a drug does not directly affect the CNS. To increase the amount of dopamine in the brains of patients with diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Dopa-Responsive Dystonia, L-DOPA (levodopa), (the precursor), can be given because it can cross the blood-brain barrier. ...
Chapter 2 The Neural Impulse
... B) Impulses in myelinated neurons may reach speeds of nearly 400 feet per second. C) The strength (intensity) of a neuron's action potential depends on the strength of its ...
... B) Impulses in myelinated neurons may reach speeds of nearly 400 feet per second. C) The strength (intensity) of a neuron's action potential depends on the strength of its ...
Chapter 12: Neural Tissue
... provide energy, and dense areas of RER and ribosomes that produce neurotransmitters. These dense areas, called Nissl bodies, make neural tissues appear gray (the gray matter). - the cytoskeleton with neurofilaments and neurotubules (in place of microfilaments and microtubules) Bundles of neurofilam ...
... provide energy, and dense areas of RER and ribosomes that produce neurotransmitters. These dense areas, called Nissl bodies, make neural tissues appear gray (the gray matter). - the cytoskeleton with neurofilaments and neurotubules (in place of microfilaments and microtubules) Bundles of neurofilam ...
Paired-Associate Learning
... special mechanisms at work when information is both high in arousal and also negative in valence” (p. 141). However, Pierce and Kensinger (2011) did not take into consideration the level of imagery of the word pairs. Their study asked students from a university setting to identify pairs of words tha ...
... special mechanisms at work when information is both high in arousal and also negative in valence” (p. 141). However, Pierce and Kensinger (2011) did not take into consideration the level of imagery of the word pairs. Their study asked students from a university setting to identify pairs of words tha ...
The Brain and Addiction
... The discovery of the reward pathway was achieved with the help of animals such as rats. Rats were trained to press a lever for a tiny electrical jolt to certain parts of the brain. Show that when an electrode is placed in the nucleus accumbens, the rat keeps pressing the lever to receive the small e ...
... The discovery of the reward pathway was achieved with the help of animals such as rats. Rats were trained to press a lever for a tiny electrical jolt to certain parts of the brain. Show that when an electrode is placed in the nucleus accumbens, the rat keeps pressing the lever to receive the small e ...
Document
... Girls and women with FXS • Physical features are milder than in males, more common in patients with full mutation • Borderline or mild MR IQ, LD, attentional problems, impulsive behavior, poor eye contact in girls with FM ...
... Girls and women with FXS • Physical features are milder than in males, more common in patients with full mutation • Borderline or mild MR IQ, LD, attentional problems, impulsive behavior, poor eye contact in girls with FM ...
Wrinkles, Wormholes, and Hamlet
... to eradicate (leading to “Cartesian Theatre,” the “software/hardware” understanding of mind and brain, etc.).8 In his introduction to The Foundations of Cognitive Science (2001), João Branquinho points out that, as explored in the chapters of the book, “cognitive science” includes more than the info ...
... to eradicate (leading to “Cartesian Theatre,” the “software/hardware” understanding of mind and brain, etc.).8 In his introduction to The Foundations of Cognitive Science (2001), João Branquinho points out that, as explored in the chapters of the book, “cognitive science” includes more than the info ...
A visual processing task: Retina and V1
... bit like JPEG compression. This sort of information reduction is probably going on at many stages in the brain. Our retina sends some 106 axons, with maybe some 10 bits/sec each. Yet, consciously we process much less information (estimate are about 100 bits/sec). These properties of the input are so ...
... bit like JPEG compression. This sort of information reduction is probably going on at many stages in the brain. Our retina sends some 106 axons, with maybe some 10 bits/sec each. Yet, consciously we process much less information (estimate are about 100 bits/sec). These properties of the input are so ...
2015 Paget Lecture transcript Four stories about the brain
... species and there’s every reason to believe that it’s basically similar in human beings. The forebrain starts as a vesicle, telencephalic vesicle, the walls of which are made largely from stem cells, from neural precursor stem cells, which are proliferating rapidly, symmetrically proliferating, not ...
... species and there’s every reason to believe that it’s basically similar in human beings. The forebrain starts as a vesicle, telencephalic vesicle, the walls of which are made largely from stem cells, from neural precursor stem cells, which are proliferating rapidly, symmetrically proliferating, not ...
The relation of transcription to memory formation
... even less is known about downstream processes leading to memory consolidation. Many neuroscientists agree that there is a cellular mechanism that underlies memory formation involving a generation of a pattern of synaptic strengths. It is very likely that those changes induced in neurons would involv ...
... even less is known about downstream processes leading to memory consolidation. Many neuroscientists agree that there is a cellular mechanism that underlies memory formation involving a generation of a pattern of synaptic strengths. It is very likely that those changes induced in neurons would involv ...
Inferring functional connections between neurons
... allowed neuroscientists to begin to answer this question for a wide variety of signals ranging from fMRI and PET imaging to simultaneous recordings of many single neurons [1–3,4,5]. In this review we focus on the ideas underlying new techniques for the inference of functional connectivity from spik ...
... allowed neuroscientists to begin to answer this question for a wide variety of signals ranging from fMRI and PET imaging to simultaneous recordings of many single neurons [1–3,4,5]. In this review we focus on the ideas underlying new techniques for the inference of functional connectivity from spik ...
memory
... The Advantages of the “Seven Sins” of Memory • Despite the grief they cause us, the “seven sins” may actually be byproducts of adaptive features of memory. • For example, absent-mindedness is the by-product of the useful ability to shift our attention. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ...
... The Advantages of the “Seven Sins” of Memory • Despite the grief they cause us, the “seven sins” may actually be byproducts of adaptive features of memory. • For example, absent-mindedness is the by-product of the useful ability to shift our attention. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ...
Bird Brain: Evolution
... Figure 2 Simplified modern view of vertebrate evolution. The diagram begins with the fish group that contains the most recent ancestor to land vertebrates. This view differs from the classic view in that instead of giving rise to reptiles, ancestral amphibians are thought to have given rise to stem ...
... Figure 2 Simplified modern view of vertebrate evolution. The diagram begins with the fish group that contains the most recent ancestor to land vertebrates. This view differs from the classic view in that instead of giving rise to reptiles, ancestral amphibians are thought to have given rise to stem ...
CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I
... An NI is similar to a row of dominos falling (i.e. once the first domino falls, the entire row will fall). ...
... An NI is similar to a row of dominos falling (i.e. once the first domino falls, the entire row will fall). ...