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Objectives: The student shall know the facts, understand the
Objectives: The student shall know the facts, understand the

... ossicles, tympanic reflex Normal conduction, air conduction, and bone conduction; classification of deafness Cochlear structure: basilar membrane, organ of Corti, hair cells, tectorial membrane, fluid ...
Neurons - Sonoma Valley High School
Neurons - Sonoma Valley High School

... Dendrites surrounded by neuroglial cells. ...
The Brain and Behavior
The Brain and Behavior

... FIGURE 2.1 A neuron, or nerve cell. In the right foreground you can see a nerve cell fiber in cross section. The upper left photo gives a more realistic picture of the shape of neurons. Nerve impulses usually travel from the dendrites and soma to the branching ends of the axon. The nerve cell shown ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE

... A sensory neuron, that conducts the afferent (sensory) impulses to the CNS; The integration center, consisting of one to several synapses in the CNS; A motor neuron, that conducts the efferent (motor) impulses from the CNS to an effector; An effector, the muscle fibers or gland that respond to the m ...
Chapter 02
Chapter 02

... understand that humans and animals operate similarly when processing information. ...
Lecture - Lawrence Moon
Lecture - Lawrence Moon

...  Anti-growth pathways switched on Inhospitable extrinsic environment  Growth-inhibitory molecules (intact & injured)  Lack of growth factors, permissive substrates ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... show that you understand what you are saying. Also, make it a habit to answer in full sentences whenever it is appropriate for the question. You will also be responsible for the vocabulary words listed on p239. 1. What structures make up the central nervous system? 2. What structures make up the per ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... glands, among other tissues. In the nervous system, diphtheria toxin damages Schwann cells and destroys myelin sheaths in the PNS. This demyelination leads to sensory and motor problems that may ultimately produce a fatal paralysis. The toxin also affects cardiac muscle cells, and heart enlargement ...
Keshara Senanayake Towle Notes Chapter 50 "Nervous System
Keshara Senanayake Towle Notes Chapter 50 "Nervous System

... >hair cells that respond to high frequency sound are most vulnerable -Balance is maintained with the help of mechanoreceptors in the 3 semicircular canals of the inner ear. These canals are filled with fluid, and their interiors are lined with hair cells that have tiny particles of CaCO3 (calcium ca ...
HEAD/NECK: Cranial Nerves
HEAD/NECK: Cranial Nerves

... IX: Glosso- • Sensory to carotid body/sinus pharyngeal • Taste to posterior tongue • Sensory to ear opening/middle ear • Parotid salivary gland X: Vagus ...
What is Superior Laryngeal Nerve Paresis
What is Superior Laryngeal Nerve Paresis

... larynx and sends the signal to the Cricothyroid muscle (the v-shaped muscle above) responsible for stretching the vocal folds and changing pitch. The SLN is particularly susceptible to viral infections for some reason, and this kind of weakness is fairly common. When a virus affects the nerve, it sw ...
Neurons - Honors Biology 10 - 2222-03
Neurons - Honors Biology 10 - 2222-03

... Spreading out from the cell body are short, branched extensions called dendrites, which RECEIVE information. ...
Structures and Functions Lecture 2
Structures and Functions Lecture 2

... • Synaptotagmin protein binds Ca2+ and promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles with axon membrane • Exocytosis of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft occurs • Higher impulse frequency  more released ...
Slide ()
Slide ()

... Relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary, or adenohypophysis, receives a rich blood flow from the capillaries of the portal hypophyseal system. This system delivers factors released by hypothalamic neurons into portal capillaries at the median eminence. T ...
presentation
presentation

... Two  astrocytic microdomains connected  to  two  networks  are  able   to  interact  with each  other.    The  network  connected  to  M1  spikes  at  a  higher   frequency  and  is  able  to  trigger  SICs (Slow  Inward  Currents)  in  b ...
Neurology, Neurons, and EEG
Neurology, Neurons, and EEG

... physical parts: the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is most easily described by what it is not…it is everything BUT the spinal cord and brain. The central nervous system [CNS] is made of the spinal cord and the brain (including the brain stem). ...
The Nervous System http://www.gmstigers.com/apps/pages/index
The Nervous System http://www.gmstigers.com/apps/pages/index

... brain to all parts of your body. The messages are carried through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are made up of three main parts, the cell body, axons, and dendrites. Axons and dendrites branch out to messages to be sent and received to all parts of the body. The spinal cord is the long bu ...
Nervous System Power Point
Nervous System Power Point

... protect them, and regulate neuron function. ...
Nervous Tissue - Manasquan Public Schools
Nervous Tissue - Manasquan Public Schools

... fuse together into a single process - single process divides into two branches a short distance from cell body ...
Introduction of the Nervous System
Introduction of the Nervous System

... the cerebrum where conscious thoughts are initiated. In humans: the polysynaptic reflex is the sudden movement to protect life and limb. An example usually given is walking in a shallow pond and stepping on a sharp object. The foot immediately raises before you are voluntarily aware of pending dange ...
PCL - mmc7
PCL - mmc7

... brainstem and conducts nerve impulses down to the appropriate spinal level. An upper motor neuron lesion is also known as a pyramidal lesion. Lower motor neurons: these carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord (or brainstem for cranial nerves) to the muscle Decussation: the crossing over of upper m ...
Slide () - Anesthesiology - American Society of Anesthesiologists
Slide () - Anesthesiology - American Society of Anesthesiologists

... Myelinating oligodendrocytes at a midrostrocaudal level: All panels are stained immunochemically with antibodies to myelin basic protein (MBP). A presents an overview showing different stages of myelination at a midrostrocaudal level of a control brain. In the cerebrocortical mantel, and in the tran ...
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND REFLEX ACTIVITY
THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND REFLEX ACTIVITY

... • The segmental level is the lowest level on the motor control hierarchy and consists of the spinal cord circuits • The projection level has direct control of the spinal cord • The precommand level is made up of the cerebellum and the basal nuclei and is the highest level of the motor system ...
Reflex Arc - Cloudfront.net
Reflex Arc - Cloudfront.net

... Discussion Questions Talking Only… Which position on the soccer field do you THINK having a fast reaction time would be the greatest advantage? forward/striker, midfield, defense, goal keeper Reaction Time Drills for a Goal Keeper ...
Position of Larval Tapeworms, Polypocephalus sp., in the Ganglia of
Position of Larval Tapeworms, Polypocephalus sp., in the Ganglia of

... Polypocephalus sp. within the ganglia might be extremely specific, for two reasons. First, being closer to the functionally important area of the nervous system would allow a greater probability of manipulation (i.e., ‘‘access to the control panel’’), particularly if the mechanism of manipulation in ...
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Neuroregeneration

Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Such mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms and especially the extent and speed. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. It is estimated that spinal cord injuries alone affect 10,000 each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury. The nervous system is divided into two parts: the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia. While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-repair and regeneration. There is currently no treatment for recovering human nerve function after injury to the central nervous system. In addition, multiple attempts at nerve re-growth across the PNS-CNS transition have not been successful. There is simply not enough knowledge about regeneration in the central nervous system. In addition, although the peripheral nervous system has the capability for regeneration, much research still needs to be done to optimize the environment for maximum regrowth potential. Neuroregeneration is important clinically, as it is part of the pathogenesis of many diseases, including multiple sclerosis.
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