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... eigenvectors of H are the corresponding wave functions. For any given quantum state, , the projection amplitude Z ðtÞ is defined as the expectation value heHt i . For large Euclidean time t, the exponential operator eHt enhances the signal of low-energy states. The corresponding energies can be ...
... eigenvectors of H are the corresponding wave functions. For any given quantum state, , the projection amplitude Z ðtÞ is defined as the expectation value heHt i . For large Euclidean time t, the exponential operator eHt enhances the signal of low-energy states. The corresponding energies can be ...
Coherent whistler emissions in the magnetosphere
... the variations in the magnetic field strength resemble a sequence of solitary waves. Such a periodic structure is also revealed from wavelet analysis (the bottom panel). The signal is nearly monochromatic with a center frequency near 30 Hz (i.e. ∼0.1 e ). The number of wave cycles in the wave packe ...
... the variations in the magnetic field strength resemble a sequence of solitary waves. Such a periodic structure is also revealed from wavelet analysis (the bottom panel). The signal is nearly monochromatic with a center frequency near 30 Hz (i.e. ∼0.1 e ). The number of wave cycles in the wave packe ...
Spacetime algebra as a powerful tool for electromagnetism
... though such properties are usually considered to be unobservable in orthodox quantummechanical and field-theory approaches. Indeed, it was traditionally believed that spin and orbital angular momenta of light are not meaningful separately, but only make sense when combined into the total angular mom ...
... though such properties are usually considered to be unobservable in orthodox quantummechanical and field-theory approaches. Indeed, it was traditionally believed that spin and orbital angular momenta of light are not meaningful separately, but only make sense when combined into the total angular mom ...
University of Groningen Electrical spin injection in metallic
... In general magnetism originates from the spin of the electron, having a much larger magnetic moment than the nucleus of an atom. A net electron spin in an atom results from flexibility of ordering in the electronic arrangement of the electrons around the nucleus and the requirement for the electron ...
... In general magnetism originates from the spin of the electron, having a much larger magnetic moment than the nucleus of an atom. A net electron spin in an atom results from flexibility of ordering in the electronic arrangement of the electrons around the nucleus and the requirement for the electron ...
Radiation I
... will require the use of computers for numerical or graphical reasons. The student is therefore expected to be familiar with a suitable programming language such as MATLAB, Python, i ...
... will require the use of computers for numerical or graphical reasons. The student is therefore expected to be familiar with a suitable programming language such as MATLAB, Python, i ...
Femtosecond quantum fluid dynamics of helium atom under an
... number of equations to only one and in the spatial dimensionality from 3 N to 3. This advantage is partly offset by the disadvantage of having to solve a TD highly nonlinear integrodifferential equation of motion ŽEOM. for the quantum fluid. We wish to see whether the present method generates all th ...
... number of equations to only one and in the spatial dimensionality from 3 N to 3. This advantage is partly offset by the disadvantage of having to solve a TD highly nonlinear integrodifferential equation of motion ŽEOM. for the quantum fluid. We wish to see whether the present method generates all th ...
06_chapter 1
... charged and o th er negatively. T he p yroelectric pro p erty like piezoelectricity is solely determ ined by the sym m etry properties o f crystals. A ll pyroelectric crystals are p iezoelectric but converse is not true [32], 1.7 P H A S E T R A N S IT IO N Phase tran sition is the transform ation o ...
... charged and o th er negatively. T he p yroelectric pro p erty like piezoelectricity is solely determ ined by the sym m etry properties o f crystals. A ll pyroelectric crystals are p iezoelectric but converse is not true [32], 1.7 P H A S E T R A N S IT IO N Phase tran sition is the transform ation o ...
Relaxation of Blazar Induced Pair Beams in Cosmic Voids
... is a typical power law distribution of primary gammaray photons, dnγ /dEγ ∝ Eγ−q , in the range 103 ≤ Eγ /me c2 ≤ 108 , and with q = 1.8 (Abdo et al. 2010). In addition, we use the nominal model of Aharonian (2001) for the EBL in the range from 0.1 to 1000 µm. For the cosmic background radiations be ...
... is a typical power law distribution of primary gammaray photons, dnγ /dEγ ∝ Eγ−q , in the range 103 ≤ Eγ /me c2 ≤ 108 , and with q = 1.8 (Abdo et al. 2010). In addition, we use the nominal model of Aharonian (2001) for the EBL in the range from 0.1 to 1000 µm. For the cosmic background radiations be ...
Further VLBA Observations of SiO Masers toward Mira
... the Mira variable stars reported in Cotton et al. (2004) (o Ceti=Mira, U Orionis=U Ori, R Aquarii=R Aqr) over a period of 16 months, extending the observations to several pulsation cycles. The observed size of the maser rings varied by 3-14% with time but show no clear correlation with pulsation pha ...
... the Mira variable stars reported in Cotton et al. (2004) (o Ceti=Mira, U Orionis=U Ori, R Aquarii=R Aqr) over a period of 16 months, extending the observations to several pulsation cycles. The observed size of the maser rings varied by 3-14% with time but show no clear correlation with pulsation pha ...
Chapter 6: The Diffraction Efficiency of Gratings
... light can reach 100% when summed over all the orders. The modulation possible for the fundamental transmittance component becomes twice what it was in the amplitude-only transmission case, ranging from +1 to -1 in effect (when ∆φ = π/2), so that the maximum diffraction efficiency can quadruple to ov ...
... light can reach 100% when summed over all the orders. The modulation possible for the fundamental transmittance component becomes twice what it was in the amplitude-only transmission case, ranging from +1 to -1 in effect (when ∆φ = π/2), so that the maximum diffraction efficiency can quadruple to ov ...