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Encyclopedia of Rape
Encyclopedia of Rape

... act. There are the people involved; times and places in which rapes have taken place; laws and customs regarding rape; movements against it; art, literature, and other cultural depictions of rape; and social and political events concerning it. The format of an encyclopedia is especially effective fo ...
Rape Myth Acceptance: An Exploration of Influential Factors Among
Rape Myth Acceptance: An Exploration of Influential Factors Among

... Women Act funding demonstrated that the government was committed to supporting research on sexual victimization (National Alliance to End Sexual Violence, 2009). This federal support has encouraged research on violence against women. However, there are still gaps in the literature regarding which f ...
THE UNITED STATES OF RAPE: A THEORY OF RAPE CULTURE
THE UNITED STATES OF RAPE: A THEORY OF RAPE CULTURE

... activist and rape prevention practice. Ideologies are commonly shared understandings, rules and beliefs ascribed to gender, gender roles, sex, sexuality, appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Ideologies are hegemonic beliefs about rape, who rapes, who gets raped, where, when and how rapes happen, ...
“Any man can rape”: male students talk about rape
“Any man can rape”: male students talk about rape

... intra-racial crime (Jewkes et al., 2006; Moffett, 2006). From a South African perspective, Moffett (2006) states that rape is written in the narratives of race instead of gender and that this hardens racial barriers. Rape therefore draws on apartheid practices of control that use violence as a solut ...
Rape Myth Acceptance - University of Minnesota Duluth
Rape Myth Acceptance - University of Minnesota Duluth

... Thus, observers could interpret that the woman was, in some way, responsible for the outcome or that she actually wanted to have sexual intercourse. In the marital rape situation, ambiguity can be provoked because according to traditional gender-role stereotypes, it is the duty of a wife to have sex ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... Thus, observers could interpret that the woman was, in some way, responsible for the outcome or that she actually wanted to have sexual intercourse. In the marital rape situation, ambiguity can be provoked because according to traditional gender-role stereotypes, it is the duty of a wife to have sex ...
Rape Myth Beliefs and Bystander Attitudes Among Incoming
Rape Myth Beliefs and Bystander Attitudes Among Incoming

... of the underlying beliefs that the girls and women did something to contribute to the assault and that it is not completely the perpetrator’s fault still exist but in more covert expressions. For example, in a study conducted with college student-athletes, McMahon38 found that respondents would not ...
An Explanation of Human Rape
An Explanation of Human Rape

... vagina, rectum, or mouth, by penis, or other body parts such as fingers, or objects. Definitions have varied across time periods and people and have been contested for more inclusive definitions, most notably since the second wave of feminism. In 1983, Randy Thornhill defined rape in Human Rape: An ...
effects of the men`s program on u.s. army soldiers` intentions to
effects of the men`s program on u.s. army soldiers` intentions to

... Bystander Efficacy Scale. Confidence in one’s ability to perform as a bystander was measured by the bystander efficacy scale (BES) developed by Banyard, Plante, and Moynihan (2005). The BES asks participants to indicate whether they believe that they could do each of the 18 bystander behaviors and, ...
Theories of Sexual Coercion: Evolutionary, Feminist, and Biosocial
Theories of Sexual Coercion: Evolutionary, Feminist, and Biosocial

... developed a “complex system of psychological signs and urges, and a complex system of pleasure (p. 13).” Without a biological mating system, a male can engage in sexual behavior with a female in a way that is not dependent on biological cycles, and therefore can rape. Males at some time realized the ...
Perpetuating Rape Myths: Representations of
Perpetuating Rape Myths: Representations of

... times more likely to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder than those who have not been raped (“Statistics”). Rape is a devastating crime which affects a great deal of the American population. According to RAINN statistics, one out of every six women in America has been the victim of an attempt ...
Acquaintance Rape handout
Acquaintance Rape handout

... Equalogy is an non-profit educational organization dedicated to expanding awareness and promoting social change around issues of equality, particularly violence against women. Our staff have a combined experience of over 80 years in the sexual assault and domestic violence fields. For over 25 years, ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)

... unsatisfactory outcomes within reported sexual assault cases in India. Police officers are invariably influenced by their socialisation, as is any one raised within a particular society. To address this issue training concerning rape victims and other facts are attempted by police agencies to resoci ...
Sex Offenses: A Short Questionnaire Assessing Knowledge and
Sex Offenses: A Short Questionnaire Assessing Knowledge and

... group sporttaneously asked about certain questions. In turn, other issues were raised about sex offenses, offenders, and victims that were not specifically covered in the questionnaire. A second use was to measure the group's current knowledge and identify those areas where group knowledge was defic ...
Chapter Fourteen The Victimization of Women The Victimization of
Chapter Fourteen The Victimization of Women The Victimization of

Anti-Rape Powers! BAM! POW!
Anti-Rape Powers! BAM! POW!

... Rape: The use of force or threat of force to achieve penile-vaginal penetration of a woman without her consent ...
Chapter 10 Crimes of Violence
Chapter 10 Crimes of Violence

... 2. Economic inequality 3. Frontier culture/legacy of violence ...
Violence
Violence

... 2. Economic inequality 3. Frontier culture/legacy of violence ...
Rape Crisis Scotland - Women`s Support Project
Rape Crisis Scotland - Women`s Support Project

... confidence to take their assault further.”Jennifer, female “Marriage and marital sex are mutually contradictory. Partner rape is perhaps, a more appropriate term. The notion of marital rape is an idea invented by women libbers and has no place in a proper marital home. If you do not want your spouse ...
Illinois rape myth acceptance scale doc 59 KB
Illinois rape myth acceptance scale doc 59 KB

... This scale was created for the Sexual Violence Primary Prevention Toolkit in September 2016. It was developed in the USA to evaluate beliefs about rape myths and general attitudes toward rape. ...
1

Marital rape

Marital rape (also known as spousal rape and rape in marriage) is non-consensual sex (i.e., rape) in which the perpetrator is the victim's spouse. It is a form of partner rape, of domestic violence and of sexual abuse.Once widely condoned or ignored by law and society, marital rape is now opposed by many societies around the world, repudiated by international conventions and increasingly criminalized. The issues of sexual and domestic violence within marriage and the family unit, and more generally, the issue of violence against women, have come to growing international attention from the second half of the 20th century onwards. Still, in many countries, marital rape either remains outside the law, or is illegal but widely tolerated, with the laws against it being rarely enforced.The reluctance to criminalize and prosecute marital rape has been attributed to traditional views of marriage, to interpretations of religious doctrines, to ideas about male sexuality and female sexuality, and to cultural expectations of subordination of a wife to her husband—views which continue to be common in many parts of the world. These views of marriage and sexuality started to be challenged in most Western countries from the 1960s and 70s especially by second-wave feminism, leading to an acknowledgment of the woman's right to self-determination (i.e., control) of all matters relating to her body, and the withdrawal of the exemption or defence of marital rape.Most countries have criminalized marital rape from the late 20th century onwards; very few legal systems allowed for the prosecution of rape within marriage before the 1970s. Criminalization has occurred through various ways, including removal of statutory exemptions from the definitions of rape, judicial decisions, explicit legislative reference in statutory law preventing the use of marriage as a defense, or creating of a specific offense of marital rape. In many countries, it is still unclear whether marital rape is covered by the ordinary rape laws, but in some it may be covered by general statutes prohibiting violence, such as assault and battery laws. Marital rape laws are in many countries rarely enforced, due to factors ranging from reluctance of authorities to pursue the crime, to lack of public knowledge that forced sexual intercourse in marriage is illegal.
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