5 a day DNA
... pieces to increase the surface area that will be exposed to the chemicals at the next step. This breaking up can be done by various means, but the simplest is chopping or blending. ...
... pieces to increase the surface area that will be exposed to the chemicals at the next step. This breaking up can be done by various means, but the simplest is chopping or blending. ...
pp02-DNA and Replication
... All strands of DNA look like this, there is no variability in the sugar phosphate backbone. They differ in the identities of the nitrogenous bases at any given position – they have different DNA sequences. A simple way to represent this strand of DNA is: 5’-TACG-3’ Segments of this sequence, which c ...
... All strands of DNA look like this, there is no variability in the sugar phosphate backbone. They differ in the identities of the nitrogenous bases at any given position – they have different DNA sequences. A simple way to represent this strand of DNA is: 5’-TACG-3’ Segments of this sequence, which c ...
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... strands are elongating. 6. DNA Polymerases (enzymes) catalyze the elongation of the DNA strands. 7. Nucleoside triphosphates supply the energy for the process. 8. DNA synthesis is primed by RNA and an enzyme called primase. ...
... strands are elongating. 6. DNA Polymerases (enzymes) catalyze the elongation of the DNA strands. 7. Nucleoside triphosphates supply the energy for the process. 8. DNA synthesis is primed by RNA and an enzyme called primase. ...
DNA - TeacherWeb
... Somehow live R bacteria had transformed into live S bacteria and killed the mice. What was it??? ...
... Somehow live R bacteria had transformed into live S bacteria and killed the mice. What was it??? ...
DNA Structure, Replication and Genetic Code 25 points
... 16. Suppose a piece of DNA lost a base. How would it know what base to replace it with? It would use base pairing rules, and its opposing base, to tell it what base would be needed. 17. Is it possible for a cell to have different DNA than other cells in the same organism? Explain your answer. NO! Ev ...
... 16. Suppose a piece of DNA lost a base. How would it know what base to replace it with? It would use base pairing rules, and its opposing base, to tell it what base would be needed. 17. Is it possible for a cell to have different DNA than other cells in the same organism? Explain your answer. NO! Ev ...
PowerPoint Notes on Chapter 9
... role. This proofreading reduces errors in DNA replication to about one error per 1 billion nucleotides. The Rate of Replication Replication does not begin at one end of the DNA molecule and end at the other. The circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes usually have two replication forks that begi ...
... role. This proofreading reduces errors in DNA replication to about one error per 1 billion nucleotides. The Rate of Replication Replication does not begin at one end of the DNA molecule and end at the other. The circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes usually have two replication forks that begi ...
Review 2 - web.biosci.utexas.edu
... What is the role of all 3 RNAs in translation? Is DNA directly involved in translation? What is meant by the term: coupled transcription and translation? Coupled transcription and translation takes place in _________(prokaryotes/eukaryotes). Think of differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mR ...
... What is the role of all 3 RNAs in translation? Is DNA directly involved in translation? What is meant by the term: coupled transcription and translation? Coupled transcription and translation takes place in _________(prokaryotes/eukaryotes). Think of differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mR ...
Ch 9 Study Guide
... In DNA, four forms of this molecule each have a different type of nitrogen base. Know what a nucleotide molecule looks like. The combined efforts of approximately 100 replication forks make it possible to replicate an entire human chromosome in about 8 hours. The process by which DNA polymerase is a ...
... In DNA, four forms of this molecule each have a different type of nitrogen base. Know what a nucleotide molecule looks like. The combined efforts of approximately 100 replication forks make it possible to replicate an entire human chromosome in about 8 hours. The process by which DNA polymerase is a ...
Human Genetics
... pyrimidines via hydrogen bonds The complementary base pairs are: - Adenine and guanine - Cytosine and thymine ...
... pyrimidines via hydrogen bonds The complementary base pairs are: - Adenine and guanine - Cytosine and thymine ...
Enzymes other than polymerases needed for replication
... Model for gamma complex loading beta clamp ...
... Model for gamma complex loading beta clamp ...
DNA - The Double Helix
... chromosomes. Chromosomes are microscopic, threadlike strands composed of the chemical DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid. In simple terms, DNA controls the production of proteins within the cell. These proteins in turn, form the structural units of cells and control all chemical processes within t ...
... chromosomes. Chromosomes are microscopic, threadlike strands composed of the chemical DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid. In simple terms, DNA controls the production of proteins within the cell. These proteins in turn, form the structural units of cells and control all chemical processes within t ...
Chapter16ppt
... Hydrogen bonds between base pairs of the two strands hold the molecule together like a zipper. ...
... Hydrogen bonds between base pairs of the two strands hold the molecule together like a zipper. ...
File - Biology withMrs. Ellsworth
... 1. The double coiled shape of DNA is called a ____________ _______________. 2. In order for DNA to begin replication ____________ _______________ between nitrogen bases must break. 3. DNA has ________ strands. 4. DNA nucleotides consist of 3 parts: a. _______________ _______________ b. _____________ ...
... 1. The double coiled shape of DNA is called a ____________ _______________. 2. In order for DNA to begin replication ____________ _______________ between nitrogen bases must break. 3. DNA has ________ strands. 4. DNA nucleotides consist of 3 parts: a. _______________ _______________ b. _____________ ...
DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Pre-Test
... d. TAGAAGGCAGTA 22. ___D______ Which one of these shows an addition? DNA:: ATCTTCGTCAT a. TAGATGCAGTA b. TAGAAGCAGTA c. TAGAAGCGTA d. TAGAAGGCAGTA 23. _____C___ Which on of these shows a deletion DNA:: ATCTTCGTCAT a. TAGATGCAGTA b. TAGAAGCAGTA c. TAGAAGCGTA d. TAGAAGGCAGTA TRUE or FALSE (Fix the Fal ...
... d. TAGAAGGCAGTA 22. ___D______ Which one of these shows an addition? DNA:: ATCTTCGTCAT a. TAGATGCAGTA b. TAGAAGCAGTA c. TAGAAGCGTA d. TAGAAGGCAGTA 23. _____C___ Which on of these shows a deletion DNA:: ATCTTCGTCAT a. TAGATGCAGTA b. TAGAAGCAGTA c. TAGAAGCGTA d. TAGAAGGCAGTA TRUE or FALSE (Fix the Fal ...
DNA and Cell Cycle Jeopardy 2014
... Johnny smokes cigarettes. The DNA of Johnny’s body has become mutated due to exposure to nicotine. He no longer contains the correct gene instructions to make certain surface proteins on his cells. What could happen as a result? ...
... Johnny smokes cigarettes. The DNA of Johnny’s body has become mutated due to exposure to nicotine. He no longer contains the correct gene instructions to make certain surface proteins on his cells. What could happen as a result? ...
File
... Introduction: DNA is called the blueprint of life. It got this name because it contains the instructions for making every protein in your body. Why are proteins important? Because they are what your muscles and tissue are made of; they synthesize the pigments that color your skin, hair, and eyes; th ...
... Introduction: DNA is called the blueprint of life. It got this name because it contains the instructions for making every protein in your body. Why are proteins important? Because they are what your muscles and tissue are made of; they synthesize the pigments that color your skin, hair, and eyes; th ...
o Discovers DNA • Albrecht Kosse
... o Short stretch of DNA w/ a specific sequence that allows proteins to initiate replication o Creates a replication bubble w/ process moving in both directions Prokaryote (circular DNA) use one site Eukaryote (linear DNA) use hundreds to thousands of origin sites o Replication Fork Y-shaped reg ...
... o Short stretch of DNA w/ a specific sequence that allows proteins to initiate replication o Creates a replication bubble w/ process moving in both directions Prokaryote (circular DNA) use one site Eukaryote (linear DNA) use hundreds to thousands of origin sites o Replication Fork Y-shaped reg ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
... DNA he or she is interested in studying. Then, the scientist will create or have someone else create primers. Primers are small strands of DNA which match the DNA of interest. These specific sequences are called primers because the enzyme DNA polymerase will only work correctly if there are some nuc ...
... DNA he or she is interested in studying. Then, the scientist will create or have someone else create primers. Primers are small strands of DNA which match the DNA of interest. These specific sequences are called primers because the enzyme DNA polymerase will only work correctly if there are some nuc ...
DNAandReplication Exam Qs.doc
... production of a new strand. As new DNA strands are produced, nucleotides can only be added in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Use the figure in part (a) and your knowledge of enzyme action and DNA replication to explain why new nucleotides can only be added in a 5’ to 3’ direction. ...
... production of a new strand. As new DNA strands are produced, nucleotides can only be added in the 5’ to 3’ direction. Use the figure in part (a) and your knowledge of enzyme action and DNA replication to explain why new nucleotides can only be added in a 5’ to 3’ direction. ...
DNA and the Language of Life
... set of genetic instructions passes from one generation to the next The DNA molecule must be copied Base ...
... set of genetic instructions passes from one generation to the next The DNA molecule must be copied Base ...
three possibile models for replication
... 16. Eukaryotic organisms have multiple starting places on their linear chromosomes (because they have so much DNA and it needs to be copied efficiently). (see image to the right) Note: Linear chromosomes look like a single line or rod when they consist of a single chromatid. When replicated in prepa ...
... 16. Eukaryotic organisms have multiple starting places on their linear chromosomes (because they have so much DNA and it needs to be copied efficiently). (see image to the right) Note: Linear chromosomes look like a single line or rod when they consist of a single chromatid. When replicated in prepa ...
Eukaryotic DNA replication
Eukaryotic DNA replication is a conserved mechanism that restricts DNA replication to only once per cell cycle. Eukaryotic DNA replication of chromosomal DNA is central for the duplication of a cell and is necessary for the maintenance of the eukaryotic genome.DNA replication is the action of DNA polymerases synthesizing a DNA strand complementary to the original template strand. To synthesize DNA, the double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA helicases ahead of polymerases, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates. Replication processes permit the copying of a single DNA double helix into two DNA helices, which are divided into the daughter cells at mitosis. The major enzymatic functions carried out at the replication fork are well conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, but the replication machinery in eukaryotic DNA replication is a much larger complex, coordinating many proteins at the site of replication, forming the replisome.The replisome is responsible for copying the entirety of genomic DNA in each proliferative cell. This process allows for the high-fidelity passage of hereditary/genetic information from parental cell to daughter cell and is thus essential to all organisms. Much of the cell cycle is built around ensuring that DNA replication occurs without errors.In G1 phase of the cell cycle, many of the DNA replication regulatory processes are initiated. In eukaryotes, the vast majority of DNA synthesis occurs during S phase of the cell cycle, and the entire genome must be unwound and duplicated to form two daughter copies. During G2, any damaged DNA or replication errors are corrected. Finally, one copy of the genomes is segregated to each daughter cell at mitosis or M phase. These daughter copies each contain one strand from the parental duplex DNA and one nascent antiparallel strand.This mechanism is conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and is known as semiconservative DNA replication. The process of semiconservative replication for the site of DNA replication is a fork-like DNA structure, the replication fork, where the DNA helix is open, or unwound, exposing unpaired DNA nucleotides for recognition and base pairing for the incorporationof free nucleotides into double-stranded DNA.